阶

To solve the problems of the limescale ,the oxidation which are produced by the direct contact between a metallic conductor and water, the detectingreliability and the service life, the utility model adopts the technical proposal as below: the proposal comprises a monostable controllable trigger, a second low-pass filter, a voltage follower and a display circuit, the power circuit links with the monostable controllable trigger, the second low-passfilter, the display circuit and a timebse pulse circuit separately, the utility model is characterized in that the monostable controllable trigger, the second low-pass filter and the display circuit sequentially links, the monstable controllable trigger separately links with a water lever sensor and thetimebase pulse circuit.

为了解决金属导体与水直接接触会产生水垢和氧化、影响检测可靠性和使用寿命的问题，本实用新型采用了以下技术解决方案：它包括单稳可控触发器、二阶低通滤波器、电压跟随器和显示电路，电源电路分别与单稳触发器、二阶低通滤波器、显示电路和时基脉冲电路相接，其特征在于单稳可控触发器、二阶低通滤波器、电压跟随器和显示电路依次相接，单稳可控触发器分别与水位传感器和时基脉冲电路相接。

Because the characteristic equation of fractional order system is a pseudo-polynomial function with exponential-type fractional orders of complex variable, the control of integer orders cannot be directly applied to it.

分数阶系统的特征方程是一个具有复变量的分数阶指数的伪多项式，因此不能直接应用整数阶系统的控制方法。

The best advantage of the method is that it can solve the complex fractional order calculus equation which can hardly be answered by the general calculus knowledge.

该方法最大的优点是能够解决由一般的分数阶微积分知识所不能或是很难求解的复杂分数阶微积分问题，对于分数阶的钱性微积分方程也完全适用。

In Chapter 4, we consider more complex fractional nonlinear differential equation,also using the high order approximation presented by Lubich to construct correspond-ing numerical scheme and giving the error analysis of the algorithms.

在第四章中，进一步的考虑更复杂的非线性分数阶常微分方程，同样利用的是Lubich提出分数阶导数的高阶近似，构造相应的数值格式，并给出这一算法的误差分析，即相容性，收敛性和稳定性的证明。

In Chapter 3, considering fractional relaxation equation, we make use of directlythe Grunwald-Letnikov definition to discrete fractional derivative, obtain a numericalmethod of fractional relaxation equation,and give the proof of consistency ,conver-gency and stability.

第三章对于一个推广到分数阶的松驰方程，直接利用Gru¨nwald-Letnikov分数阶导数定义进行离散，得到分数阶松驰方程一个数值方法，并给出了相容性，收敛性和稳定性的证明。

One position control system is introduced as the objective controlled by FOC. Based on Mittag-Leffler function, the fractional order control system with full memory length is adopted as evaluation criterion, and an approximation performance function of discretization methods is proposed. Analyzing the time domain error and approximation performance, the investigation to various discretization methods is carried out comparatively in detail.

引入一个位置控制系统作为分数阶控制对象，将Mittag-Leffler函数的全记忆长度分数阶控制系统作为评估基准，提出了一种离散算法的近似性能函数，通过时域误差分析以及近似性能分析，对比研究了分数阶微积分算子的数字实现方法。

A more general structure for the classic PID controller is proposed by using fractional integral and differential operators.

分数阶PI~λD~μ控制器是用分数阶微分、积分运算器代替经典PID控制器中微分、积分运算器，这样，使分数阶PI~λD~μ控制器和经典的PID控制器统一起来。

In addition, for a class of first-order predicate expression namely first-order predicate expression without free variable and with one quantifier, a necessary and sufficient condition for such first-order predicate expressions to be equivalent and a corresponding judging algorithm are come up with.

另外，对于一阶谓词公式的一个常见子类——无自由变元单量词的一阶谓词公式，提出了一个判定这种一阶谓词公式等价性的充分必要条件和判定算法。

The results are generalized to first-order neutral functional differential equation.

第四章讨论了一阶泛函微分方程解的零点分布，改进了一阶滞后型泛函微分方程在解的零点间距离的上界估计的结果，并将此结果推广到一阶中立型泛函微分方程。

An optimal filter is designed specially for dq transform used in the voltage mea-surement of transfer switch,which is composed of lower-order notch filter and lower-order low pass filter with higher cut-off frequency in series.Its transfer function is presented by theoretical derivation.If the order is same,it is better in measuring the positive sequence of fundamental amplitude than the average filter and the low-pass filter.

针对转换开关电压检测法——dq变换设计了优化滤波器，该滤波器是利用低阶陷波滤波器和较高截止频率低阶低通滤波器串联形成的，通过理论推导给出了该滤波器的传递函数，在相同的滤波阶数下，该优化数字滤波器在提取基波正序幅值的性能比较中，优于平均值滤波法及低通数字滤波器法等。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。