阴茎

The diminutive penis caused by hypospadia and intersex and micropenis resulted from endocrine disease does not belong to this category.

隐匿阴茎、埋藏阴茎和蹼状阴茎的病因和病理改变是先天性的，而陷没阴茎则是后天性原因引起。

Penis residual stump was advanced to anterior portion of the newly restoration penile body as "glans"; To take full layer skin of penis from post-operating patients to observe neurofibril regeneration by light microscopy, electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy; To determine sensation recovery by physical examination; To check erectile function with NEVA System.

修復术中通过离断阴茎浅、深悬韧带，並继续分离部分海绵体脚，使原固定於耻骨下支的阴茎海绵体充分分离，以使阴茎更为延伸；用含血运的脂肪瓣填塞耻骨前间隙，保证术后远期阴茎的有效长度；选用合適的带血管蒂皮瓣转移覆盖海绵体，塑造更为逼真的龟头和冠状沟样外形。

Scleroma albuginea and the penis can also affect the membrane compartment, such as erectile tissue when in the normal extension, the extension and relaxation, and induration Department impede erection and retraction of the penis, causing erection of the penis bending to the side, a direct impact on the penis inserted into the vagina.

硬结还可影响白膜与阴茎筋膜等膜性组织在阴茎勃起时的正常伸展、延长与舒张，并在硬结处阻碍与牵拉勃起的阴茎，造成勃起的阴茎向患侧弯曲，直接影响阴茎插入阴道。

Penile lengthening surgery in order to "Dragon's extended technique" is most commonly used, that is, at the appropriate position to cut off the penis on the suspensory ligament and the superficial part of the deep suspensory ligament, so buried in the perineum separating the penis, the penis does not change the total length of the circumstances, the growth of the penis can be seen in the in vitro part.

阴茎加长的手术以"龙氏加长术"最为常用，即在适当位置切断阴茎上的浅悬韧带和部分深悬韧带，使埋藏在会阴的阴茎分离出来，在阴茎的总长度未改变的情况下，增长阴茎在体外能看得见的部分。

Methods: Selected 93 confirmed cases with hypospadias during May 2003 to Sep 2009. Patients in balanic type were treated with meatal advancement and glandularp lasty; patients with urethra orifice at 2/3 of corpus penis accompanied with slight chordee of penis were treated with Snodgrass method or Onlay method; patients with severe chordee of penis were treated with Duckett method; patients in scrotum or perineum type were treated with combination of Duplay and Duckett; severe hypospadia patients were treated with curved pedicle penis-scrotum and skin flap urethroplasty; patients with good outer plate of ventral prepuce and chordee of penis were treated with ventral pedicle hooded foreskin flap.

选取2003年5月～2008年9月期间收治的93例确诊尿道下裂患者，对阴茎头型患者采用尿道口前移、阴茎头成形法；尿道口在阴茎体外2/3段伴有阴茎轻度下弯者采用尿道板纵切卷管法或加盖岛状皮板法（Snodgrass术或On-lay术）；有严重阴茎下弯的所有阴茎体型采用横裁或纵裁包皮岛状皮瓣尿道成形；阴囊型或会阴型用阴囊中缝皮管加横裁包皮岛状皮瓣成形尿道（Duplay联合Duckett术）；对重度尿道下裂患儿采用弧形带蒂阴茎阴囊联合皮瓣尿道成形术；对腹侧包皮外板发育良好患儿及合并阴茎下曲的患儿采用腹侧带蒂帽状包皮皮瓣法。

Methods: Selected 93 confirmed cases with hypospadias during May 2003 to Sep 2009. Patients in balanic type were treated with meatal advancement and glandularp lasty; patients with urethra orifice at 2/3 of corpus penis accompanied with slight chordee of penis were treated with Snodgrass method or Onlay method; patients with severe chordee of penis were treated with Duckett method; patients in scrotum or perineum type were treated with combination of Duplay and Duckett; severe hypospadia patients were treated with curved pedicle penisscrotum and skin flap urethroplasty; patients with good outer plate of ventral prepuce and chordee of penis were treated with ventral pedicle hooded foreskin flap.

选取2003年5月～2008年9月期间收治的93例确诊尿道下裂患者，对阴茎头型患者采用尿道口前移、阴茎头成形法；尿道口在阴茎体外2/3段伴有阴茎轻度下弯者采用尿道板纵切卷管法或加盖岛状皮板法(Snodgrass术或Onlay术)；有严重阴茎下弯的所有阴茎体型采用横裁或纵裁包皮岛状皮瓣尿道成形；阴囊型或会阴型用阴囊中缝皮管加横裁包皮岛状皮瓣成形尿道(Duplay联合Duckett术)；对重度尿道下裂患儿采用弧形带蒂阴茎阴囊联合皮瓣尿道成形术；对腹侧包皮外板发育良好患儿及合并阴茎下曲的患儿采用腹侧带蒂帽状包皮皮瓣法。

As a plastic surgery of aedea, penis lengthening surgery is performed to rectify the short-penis abnormality、 increase the length and resume its normal function mainly for those people with inborn short-penis abnormality and those with scar contracture and coloboma after all kinds of trauma、 burn of penis.

阴茎延长术是一种外生殖器整形手术，主要针对先天性阴茎短小畸形及各种创伤、烧伤后的阴茎瘢痕挛缩、缺损患者，旨在矫正阴茎短小畸形、延长阴茎、恢复正常功能；同时对于正常人群，此方法也能达到改善外观及功能的作用。

Different operation were selected in 40 patients according the type of concealed penis. Simple concealed penis: weight reduction and observation or Y-V plasty of acrobystia. Phimosis type: slitting the outer plate of prepuce at 2, 6 and 10 clock point and at 4, 8 and 12 clock point on the inner plate then making a tongue-groove suture. Fascia bands type: removing the dysgenic dartos fascia band and moving up the penoscrotal spot and make a Y-V plasty. Webbing penis: taking a transsection and longitudinal suture at the penoscrotal spot.

对40例不同类型肥胖者伴发隐匿阴茎病人采用不同的处理方法，单纯型：减肥观察或包皮&Y-V&成型；包茎型：切开包皮外板2、6和10点，内板4、8和12点，嵌插缝合；纤维索带型：切除松解阴茎背侧挛缩的筋膜，上移阴茎阴囊交界部行&Y-V&成型术；蹼状阴茎：作阴茎阴囊交界部腹侧横切纵缝。

Under the same concentration, tadalafil induce higher ratio of relation responses in the smooth muscles of CRF rabbit cavernosal strips, compared with papaverine and sodium nitroprussiate, with most significant difference occurring under the concentration indicators of 10-5 mol/L and 10-4 mol/L (P.01). Conclusions The effects of tadalafil on relaxation responses in CRF rabbit cavernosal strips highly depend on its concentration. The effect of tadalafil on relaxation responses in CRF rabbit cavernosal strips is better than that of papaverine and sodium nitroprussiate. Tadalafil may be an effective drug for treating CRF reduced erection dysfunction.

同一浓度下，他达拉非对慢性肾功能衰竭兔阴茎海绵体平滑肌舒张百分比与罂粟碱、硝普钠相比较，舒张百分比均大于罂粟碱和硝普钠，且在10~(-5)mol/L、10~(-4)mol/L浓度，他达拉非对慢性肾功能衰竭兔阴茎海绵体平滑肌舒张百分比，与罂粟碱、硝普钠相比较有显著性差异(P＜0.01)结论他达拉非对慢性肾功能衰竭兔阴茎海绵体平滑肌舒张反应的影响具有浓度依赖性，他达拉非对慢性肾功能衰竭兔阴茎海绵体平滑肌舒张反应的影响优于罂粟碱及硝普钠，他达拉非可能是治疗慢性肾功能衰竭性阴茎勃起功能障碍的理想药物。

Methods Six weeks old male Fischer 344 rats (F344) were used as donors, and six weeks old male F344alb as recipients. All F344alb were divided into 4 groups: group Ⅰ(n=10) was untreated; group Ⅱ(n=10) was treated with CCl4 but no γ-irradiation and transplantation; group Ⅲ(n=10) was transplanted with 1×10^7 BMCs after γ-irradiation, but without CCl4 treatment; group Ⅳ(n=10) was transplanted with 1×10^7 BMCs after γ-irradiation, with CCl4 treatment. The BMCs prepared from the donors were infused via the penial veins of recipients immediately after whole body γ-irradiation (7.5Gy) and CCl4 treatment: 4 weeks after BMCs transplantation, CCl4 were injected into peritoneal cavity twice a week for 4 weeks.

雄性F344大鼠为供体，而雄性F344alb为受体，分为4组：组Ⅰ(n=10)为正常对照组，不接受肝损处理，无全身射线照射和阴茎静脉骨髓细胞移植；组Ⅱ(n=10)为肝损无移植组，只接受肝损处理，无全身射线照射和阴茎静脉骨髓细胞移植；组Ⅲ(n=10)为正常移植组，全身射线照射后阴茎静脉移植骨髓细胞1×10^7；组Ⅳ(n=10)为肝损移植组，接受CCl4注射肝损，全身射线照射后阴茎静脉骨髓细胞移植1×10^7BMCs，其中，γ-照射剂量为7.5Gy，F344大鼠的BMCs经受体的阴茎静脉注入。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。