阴离子的

The electrolyte buffer for the anion separation consisted of 40 mmol/L boric acid -1.8 mmol/L potassium dichromate -2 mmol/L sodium tetraborate (pH 8.6), and tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide was used as electro-osmotic flow modifier.

阴离子测定采用的缓冲体系为40mmol/L硼酸-1.8mmol/L重铬酸钾-2mmol/L硼酸钠(pH8.6)，氢氧化四甲铵为电渗流改性剂，5种阴离子在4.6min内达到基线分离，检出限为0.10~1.85mg/L。

In this thesis,the AM1,MNDO,MINDO/3(mainly AM1)and INDO/S-CI semiempirical MO methods were used toinvestigate the excited-state intramolecular protontransfer reactions of salicylic acid derivatives—salicylic acid,methyl salicylate,salicylaldehyde,o-hydroxyaceto-phenone,salicylamide and 3-hydroxy-picolinamide (6 conformers and 2-3 anion species);2-(2'-hydroxy-5' methylphenyl) benzotriazole(4 conformers),2-(2' hydroxyphenyl) benzimidazole (3 conformers and 3anion species),Bis-2,5-(2-benzoxazolyl)hydroquinone(3 conformers),2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole(2conformers) and 7-azaindole dimer (2 conformers).Theinvestigations were described as follows.Geometry optimization,relative stability andhydrogen bonding energy First,for sylicylic acid derivative molecules,the AM1,MNDO and MINDO/3 methods were used toinvestigate ground-state geometry optimization,energies,relative stabilities and hydrogen-bondingenergies on the five kinds of the molecules(designing 6 conformers and 2-3 anion species).Comparing with experimental data,the optimizedgeometry,the order of stability,the hydrogen-bonding energies and the distances between O-O in O-H..O hydrogen bonds by AM1 method were in agreementwith the experimental data,however,the C-C bondlengths optimized by MNDO and MINDO/3 were longer,C-O and O-H bond lengths were shorter;for C-N bondlengths,the results opitimized by MNDO method werethe same as those by AM1 method,nevertheless the C-Nbond lengths given by MINDO/3 method were muchshorter.For some sylicylic acid derivatives(e.g.methyl salicylate,salicylamide),the order ofstabilities on the conformers given by MNDO andMINDO/3 methods were not in agreement with theexisting conformers deduced by experimental methods,and the hydrogen bonding energies calculated by MNDO.and MINDO/3 methods were smaller.Second,the studyon the other systems found that the optimizedgeometry of the proton-transfered product with INDOmethod could not be obtained,only could theoptimized geometry of reactant be obtained,and thecalculated hydrogen bonding energies were greater.Many results of calculation indicated that the studyon the excited-state intramolecular proton transferreaction system using AM1 method was suitable andreliable.

本论文用AM1、MNDO、MINDO/3（主要是AM1）和INDO/S-CI半经验分子轨道方法对水杨酸衍生物系列——水杨酸、水杨酸甲酯、水杨醛、O-羟基乙酰苯酮、水杨酰胺和3-羟基吡啶酰胺（6种异构体和2-3种阴离子）；2-（2'-羟基-5'-甲基苯基）苯并三〓唑（4种异构体）；2-（2'-羟基苯基）苯并咪唑（3种异构体和3种阴离子）；2，5-二间氮杂氧茚氢醌（3种异构体）；2-（2'-羟基苯基）间〓杂硫茚（2种异构体）和7-〓吲哚二体（2种异构体）的激发态分子内质子转移反应在以下几个方面进行了较系统的理论研究：几何构型优化和相对稳定性及氢键能首先以水杨酸衍生物系列分子为例，用AM1、MNDO和MINDO/3方法考察了5种分子（每种分子设计6种异构体和2-3种阴离子）的基态几何构型优化，能量、相对稳定性和氢键能计算，通过和实验数据进行比较，AM1方法给出的优化几何构型、稳定性次序、氢键能和O—H。。。O氢键的0—0距离与实验数据吻合最好，MNDO和MINDO/3方法优化的C-C键长偏长，C-O键和O-H键长偏短；对于C-N键长，MNDO和AM1优化结果差别不大，而MINDO/3给出了过短的C-N键长，MNDO和MINDO/3方法给出的有些水杨酸衍生物分子（如水杨酸甲酯和水杨酰胺）异构体的稳定性次序和实验上推测的可存在异构体结果不一致，MNDO和MINDO/3方法给出的氢键能偏低，对其他体系的研究发现INDO方法常常不能得到质子转移产物的优化几何构型，只能得到反应物的优化构型，并且估算的氢键能偏高，大量的计算结果表明AM1方法对本论文研究的激发态分子内质子转移反应体系是适宜和可靠的。

The results indicated that the effect of pH on adsorption of theanine was not obvious within range of 6~11. The adsorption date fit well into the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm equation within temperature range of 303~323 K and investigative concentration range. The isosteric enthalpy of adsorption, free energy and entropy of adsorption showed that adsorption of theanine was endothermic and spontaneous.

结果表明：在pH6~11时，pH值对717阴离子交换树脂对茶氨酸吸附量影响不大；在温度303～323K和茶氨酸质量浓度范围内，717阴离子交换树脂对茶氨酸吸附行为符合Freundlich和Langmuir吸附等温方程；热力学参数（吸附焓、自由能、吸附熵）表明此吸附过程是吸热和自发的。

In addition, a chalcone derivative was synthesized as fluorescent and colorimetric chemosensor for anions such as F~- and AcO~-.5. Mesoporous SQ/SBA-15 on the basis of the interaction of squaraine dye and mercaptol was designed and synthesized.

设计合成了一个查尔酮化合物5，加入碱性较大的阴离子后，紫外可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱均发生变化，有望发展为荧光和生色双功能阴离子传感器。5。

A monomer, trithiocarbonate anion is successfully"immobilized"onto the polymeric support by reaction of CS〓 with strong-base quaternary ammonium in anion exchange resin with OH〓 form.

研究了把CS〓离子固定到阴离子交换树脂上，以及它在CS〓悬浮体系中和另一单体，α，α'-二溴代二羧酸甲酯在阴离子树脂表面上进行的亲核取代反应。

On the basis of the Frontier Orbital Theory and three Bonding Principles, the possibility of reaction of active HOSA^- carbanion on polymerization process of MA by alkali catalyst and the mechanism of anionic polymerization of maleic anhydride were studied.

应用前线轨道理论和成键三原则研究了碱催化条件下马来酸酐均聚过程中α-羟基丁二酸酐碳阴离子活性中间体参与反应的可能性及其阴离子聚合机理。

Adopting condensation copolymerization between alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether and methyl aldehyde and using concentrated sulfuric acid sulfonation, which it with sodium hydroxide neutralization, finally acquired sulphonate anionic surfactant, utilize as temperature resistance 、mineral salt tolerance for heavy oil viscosity reducer , research on the performance evaluation, the result indicate, the amount of sulphonate anionic surfactant to be used at 0.2wt%, viscosity reducer rate reached 92.1%; added with 0.5wt%, the calcium and magnesium ions resistance in mineral water up to 800mg/L.

采用辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚和甲醛的共缩聚物与浓硫酸磺化后，再用氢氧化钠中和后得到磺酸盐阴离子表面活性剂作耐温抗矿盐稠油降粘剂，并对其进行性能评价，结果表明，辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚甲醛共缩聚物磺酸盐阴离子表面活性剂加量为0.2wt%时，降粘率高达92.1%，抗钙、镁离子能力达800mg/L。

It was found that as the dopant amount of Fe3+ ions is up to 5.7mol%, the cell parameter and cell volume increase obviously, the sharing edges of octahedra and anionic fine structures of crystal plane (110) disappear gradually, and also the mean-square displacement of anions and lattice energy enhance abruptly.

结果表明，当掺杂量达5.7mol%时，晶胞参数a与晶胞体积明显增大，八面体共棱部分消失，(110)晶面中的阴离子精细结构逐渐消失，阴离子均方位移与体系能量也明显增大。

It has been found that sodium aluminate solution contain a series of Al-containing anions including Al 〓, Al 〓 and 〓 etc.

结果表明铝酸钠溶液中的主要含铝阴离子有Al〓、〓、Al〓及其聚合阴离子。

Sizing is clearly headed in the direction of neutral, and neutral divides in two directions: one is self-retention of neutral, such as the AKD, ASA cationtype Rosin, neutrase ployster and the other is a non-self-fixed neutral, such as the anion dispersed oil Rosin, anion, neutral polyester resin, and the latest research interest is the preparation, to meet the many self-retention and Rosin Sizing the performance of the Department of sizing agent, such as neutrase ployster, epoxidized Rosin, etc.

造纸施胶正朝着中性施胶方向迅猛发展，而中性施胶剂又分为两个方向，一是自身留着型中性施胶剂，如AKD、ASA、阳离子分散松香胶、中性聚酯，另一类是非自定型中性施胶剂，如阴离子中性分散松香、阴离子石油树脂、中性聚酯等，而最新型研究方向则是将二者统一起来，制备成兼具自身留着和松香系施胶性能的施胶剂，如中性聚酯，环氧化松香等。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。