阴离子的

The reaction characteristics of flocculus formed in the reaction of cationic polymer to hydrolyzed polyacrylamide and the mass ratio of cationic polymer to HPAM in complete reaction were investigated experimentally. The flocculus has good ability to reduce the core permeability and the capability of washout resistance.

室内实验结果表明，阳离子聚合物与阴离子聚合物发生反应可产生稳定的絮状沉淀，完全反应时阳、阴离子聚合物的质量比为 30∶1；当絮状沉淀的浓度较高时，它具有很好的携砂能力，絮状沉淀可使岩心的渗透率降低 88%以上，且具有良好的抗冲刷能力。

There are some isoforms of PAPs showing inhibitory ability to virus infection in various organs and at different stages of development. Three different species of the protein can be isolated from leaves of pokeweed. Proteins were precipitated with 50-80% ammonium sulfate from leaves in spring, summer and autumn respectively. Proteins were purified on SP cation-exchange then on MQ anion-exchange and finally on MS cation-exchange or on MQ anion-exchange. We found that some new pokeweed antiviral proteins separated from these leaves were different from PAP, PAPII and PAPIII.

对美洲商陆春季、夏季、秋季采集的叶片，用50-80％饱和度硫酸铵沉淀出来的蛋白样品，经过SP阳离子柱后，上MQ阴离子柱，然后把活性蛋白峰再上MS阳离子柱或MQ阴离子柱分离，从春季叶片中分离出四个不同的抗病毒蛋白峰；从夏季叶片中分离出二个不同的抗病毒蛋白峰，这两个蛋白峰与春季叶片中分离出的活性蛋白峰都能重叠上；但从秋季叶片中只分离出来一个抗病毒蛋白峰，它和春季、夏季叶片中分离出的活性蛋白峰都重叠不上。

There are some isoforms of PAPs showing inhibitory ability to virus infection in various organs and at different stages of development. Three different species of the protein can be isolated from leaves of pokeweed (PAP, PAPⅡ and PAPⅢ). Proteins were precipitated with 50-80% ammonium sulfate from leaves in spring, summer and autumn respectively. Proteins were purified on SP cation-exchange then on MQ anion-exchange and finally on MS cation-exchange or on MQ anion-exchange. We found that some new pokeweed antiviral proteins separated from these leaves were different from PAP, PAPⅡ and PAPⅢ.

对美洲商陆春季、夏季、秋季采集的叶片，用50-80％饱和度硫酸铵沉淀出来的蛋白样品，经过SP阳离子柱后，上MQ阴离子柱，然后把活性蛋白峰再上MS阳离子柱或MQ阴离子柱分离，从春季叶片中分离出四个不同的抗病毒蛋白峰；从夏季叶片中分离出二个不同的抗病毒蛋白峰，这两个蛋白峰与春季叶片中分离出的活性蛋白峰都能重叠上；但从秋季叶片中只分离出来一个抗病毒蛋白峰，它和春季、夏季叶片中分离出的活性蛋白峰都重叠不上。

The results show that, with the increase in ionic strength, the adsorbed amount of taurine on the resin D290, the distribution coefficient λ and the fraction of zwitterion Tau(superscript ±) all decrease, while the pH value of the solution at the equilibrium and the content of anionic taurine Tau(superscript -) increase. Moreover, it is found that, at a certain taurine concentration, the increase in ionic strength may improve the selectivity of the anion resin for taurine.

研究结果表明：(1)随着溶液离子强度的升高，阴离子树脂对牛磺酸的平衡交换吸附容量逐渐降低，牛磺酸在树脂上的分配系数λ逐渐下降；(2)随着溶液离子强度增大，达到平衡时液相的pH值升高，溶液中牛磺酸阴离子Tau含量迅速增加，而牛磺酸两性离子Tau含量迅速降低；(3)在一定的牛磺酸浓度范围内，溶液离子强度增大，有利于提高离子交换树脂对牛磺酸的选择性。

The free radical scavenging properties of six Aloe species are to be investigated in some modified chemical system. The antioxidant was purified by silica column and thin layer chromatography and analyzed by HPLC. A fraction was purified from A. brevifolia Mill showed the most effective scavenging activities on 〓 and ·OH (66. 01% and 38. 98% respectively). With the analysis of IR spectrum, UV spectrum and mass spectrum, the structure of FA was identifed as 8-C-D-glucopyranosyl-2- [2-hydroxy] propyl-5-methyl-7-hydroxychromone. Its scavenging activity on free radicals is higher than that of aloe-emodin. Its antioxidant activity may be due to the phenoxyl on glucosyl chromone which can be react with free radicals and form relatively stable free radicals.

本研究利用分别产生超氧阴离子自由基和羟自由基的化学模型体系研究比较了不同品种芦荟提取物的清除活性氧自由基的抗氧化作用，进一步利用硅胶柱结合薄层层析法和反相高压液相色谱法，从短叶芦荟叶子中首次分离了具有较强自由基清除能力（超氧阴离子自由基和羟自由基清除率分别为66.01％和38.98％）的成分FA，利用红外光谱、紫外光谱和质谱等仪器分析结果推断出该活性成分的分子结构为8-C-吡喃葡萄糖-2-[2-羟基]-丙基-5-甲基-7-羟基对氧萘酮，它的自由基清除能力高于芦荟大黄素，是一种天然抗氧化剂。

In borate or phosphate buffered NaCl solutions with a constant total concentration of borate or phosphate, E_ increases with an increase in pH. With the increase of the concentration of chloride ions, E_ decreases markedly in the test solutions. Moreover, the buffer capacity and concentration of nonaggressive anions in the test solutions also exerts some effects on the crevice corrosion of Type 304 stainless steel. Furthermore, the cooperative inhibition effect of the environmental factors on crevice corrosion was investigated. The potential of crevice corrosion E_(cc shows a strong dependence on a parameter J, which was called as general environmental factor and defined as the product of concentration of nonaggressive anions, pH, buffer capacity and concentration of chloride ions.

在含NaCl 的硼酸或磷酸盐缓冲溶液中，在相同的缓冲溶液总浓度下，E_c随pH 值增加而增加；但随着氯离子浓度的增加，E_c显著降低；另外缓冲容量及其阴离子对304 不锈钢缝隙腐蚀也有影响；最后实验研究了这些环境影响因素的协同影响规律，得出环境综合影响因素参数J，J 由pH 值、缓冲容量、氯离子浓度及其缓冲溶液中其它阴离子浓度定义，缝隙腐蚀电位与参数J 有好的线性关系。

This dissertation successfully fabricated cross-linked polysiloxanes under base catalysts such as potassium hydroxide siloxanolate or tetramethylammonium hydroxide (Me_4NOH) siloxanolate by anionic ring-opening copolymerization of cyclosiloxanes and Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes as multifunctional monomers.

本论文首次通过阴离子开环共聚，成功地将POSS大分子作为多官能团单体，与环硅氧烷在KOH硅醇盐或Me_4NOH硅醇盐等碱性催化剂的作用下，直接合成交联聚硅氧烷：通过调节POSS大分子和环硅氧烷单体的种类以及化学计量比，可合成出一系列不同种类和不同交联密度的交联聚硅氧烷；并对其阴离子开环共聚机理以及极性调节剂DMAc对凝胶时间的影响进行了详细讨论；同时借以凝胶含量和溶胀比、GPC、FT-IR、固体~(13)C和~(29)Si NMR、WAXD、DSC以及TG等手段对所得聚合物的微观结构以及热性能进行了详细考察。

The paper studied the scavenging active oxygen radicals of brown pigment from chestnut shell. The results showed that the brown pigment had scavenging effects on hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion radical and aliphatic radicals on lipid-peroxidation. In the range of test concentration, the maximum scavenging or inhibition rate of the brown pigment to hydroxyl radical generated by Fenton reaction, superoxide anion radical generated by illuminating riboflavin system and linoleic acid auto-oxidation was 83.0%, 82.1% and 88.5% respectively.

从清除羟基自由基和超氧阴离子自由基、抗脂质过氧化以及还原能力等方面对板栗壳棕色素的抗活性氧自由基进行了试验研究和评价，结果表明：板栗壳棕色素对Fenton反应产生的羟基自由基和光照核黄素产生的超氧阴离子自由基均具有较强清除作用，对脂质过氧化过程中产生的脂自由基和脂过氧化自由基有明显的抑制作用，且在试验浓度范围内，其最大清除率或抑制率分别可达到83.0%、82.1%和88.5%。

In the second part, quantum chemical AM1 methods were employedto theoretically investigate the electronic structures of maleic anhydride in ground- and excited-states. On basis of the frontier orbital theoryand three bonding principles, the possibility of reaction of active α-hydroxysuccinic anhydride carbanion and active α-hydroxy-succinic anhydride radical on polymerization process of MArespectively by alkali catalyst and by hydroxyl radical was discussed. Theanionic and radical polymerization of MA discussed also. Theoreticalstudies show that both polymerization products of MA are in the chainstructures, corresponding to the experimental findings.

第二部分用量子化学AM1方法，计算研究了马来酸酐的基态和激发态电子结构；应用前线轨道理论和成键三原则分别探讨了碱催化条件下和羟基自由基引发下马来酸酐均聚合过程中α-羟基丁二酸酐碳阴离子和α-羟基丁二酸酐碳自由基活性中间体参与反应的可能性及由它们引发的马来酸酐阴离子聚合反应机理和自由基引发聚合反应机理；理论研究表明马来酸酐的均聚合产物均为链式结构，与实验事实相相符。

By using quantum statistics,this paper obtains the calculation formula of entropy of phonons and initial results,and points out that the entropy of phonons plays an important role in the associated reaction of two kinds of anion structural groups in silicate melts.

熔体阴离子结构团缔合过程中声子熵的研究何安明李秉新石焕文（西安地质学院，西安710054）关键词熔体阴离子结构团缔合声子熵近年来，中外学者已经开始重视对岩浆熔体的物理过程和机制（如利用喇曼光谱直接测定硅酸盐熔浆的结构等）的研究工作，并取得了重要进展。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。