阴极

It is believed that it is a promising alternative for thermionic cathode and field emission cathode. Since 90s 20th century, many important progresses in ferroelectrics cathode have been made. With the researches on the theory and experiments of this field, many new ferroelectrics devices will come into being and will have important usages in high-tech domain.

自20世纪90年代以来，铁电阴极材料及应用研究取得了许多意义重大的研究进展，随着电子发射机理研究的进一步深入，以及新铁电阴极材料制备技术和电子发射技术的进一步发展，完全可以期望在不久的将来就会有各种新型铁电电子发射器件在不同的高新技术领域发挥重要的作用。

Feeding can, output can and etching gas transmission system are connected on the reaction chamber, plate type positive and negative electrodes installed in parallel in the reaction chamber, with the negative pole connected with the water cooling device that connected with seal wave tube and the bottom of the reaction chamber actively, bottom of the water cooling device connecting with the vibrating source through vibrating shift lever, with the seal wave tube, vibrating shift lever and vibrating source on the bottom bracket that fastened to the bottom and installed on the oblique angle adjusting bracket.

本发明反应室上连接投料罐、出料罐和刻蚀气体输送系统，反应室内平行装有板式阳极和阴极，阴极与水冷装置连接，水冷装置通过密封波纹管与反应室底部活动连接，水冷装置底端通过振动转换杆连接振动源；密封波纹管、振动转换杆和振动源位于底架上，底架与反应室底部固定连接并安装于倾角调整支架上。

As a nondestructive technique to measure the inner fine structure of the cathode, the ICT has the uniqueadvantage.We discussed the emission mechanism of thermionic cathode, and tried to explain the excellent performance of mixed metal cathode by Richardson formula and Mullers computational model.

4就当前钡钨阴极发射机理的两个主要理论模型作了自己的探讨，并初探了钡钨阴极中钡的供应机制及发射寿命预测的问题，而且用理查逊公式的推导和Muller计算机模拟法解释了混合基钡钨阴极的优良性能。

Kinds of virtual cathode oscillators: reflex triodes, reditrons, coaxial vircators, resonant cavity frequency locking vircators, multy-vircator phase locking devices, etc., appeared with some improved performance during the last two decades.

但是，由于虚阴极振荡器中束—波相互作用空间一般缺少对称性，束—波相互作用过程复杂、具有高度的非线性性质，到目前为止，尚没有得到详细描述虚阴极振荡确切物理过程和全面反映虚阴极振荡器内部定标规律的统一理论。

Variations of spectral response curves of GaAs photocathode with time were obtained,and performance parameters of decayed photocathode were calculated.

利用光谱响应测试仪对激活后的反射式GaAs光电阴极进行了稳定性测试，获得了阴极随时间变化的光谱响应曲线，并表征了阴极在衰减过程中的性能参数变化。

The key difference between hot cathode glow discharge and conventional cold cathode glow discharge is that the cathode is in a hot state with the temperature about 700～1600℃ in a hot cathode glow discharge.

热阴极直流辉光放电区别于常规冷阴极辉光放电的关键之处在于，在辉光放电过程中，阴极处于700-1600℃的&热&状态，并且放电电流大，工作气压高。

The diamond film deposition experiments with hot cathode glow discharge PCVD shows that the cathode temperature has no apparent influence on deposition rate and film quality. With the increase of gas pressure, the gas density, electron temperature, gas dissociation rate in the plasma region change differently.

在热阴极辉光放电PCVD沉积金刚石膜中，适当的阴极温度是保证大电流、高气压辉光放电稳定工作的必要条件，它影响着辉光放电阴极位降区的放电性质，但对金刚石膜的沉积速率和膜品质基本没有影响。

Hot cathode glow discharge chemical vapor deposition is a new method to deposit high quality diamond films with high deposition rate.

中文题名热阴极辉光放电及其等离子体化学气相沉积金刚石膜研究副题名外文题名 Study of hot cathode glow discharge and its plasma chemical vapor deposition of diamond films 论文作者白亦真导师金曾孙教授学科专业凝聚态物理研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位吉林大学学位授予日期2001 论文页码总数139，10页关键词金刚石膜薄膜制备热阴极辉光放电等离子体化学气相沉积馆藏号BSLW /2003 /TB43 /1 热阴极辉光放电等离子体化学气相沉积是我们建立的快速沉积高品质金刚石膜的新方法。

The results show that:(1) MnO2 deposition on the surface is the main factor resulting in cathode polarization, and the flowing of the solution can remarkably reduce this polarization. Furthermore, the buffered solution can reduce the polarization resulting from H+ concentration difference;(2) it is deduced from the polarization curve that the key factor influencing the performance of MFC is microbial number and metabolic rate and the electron transferring rate from microbial to electrode;(3) the power density arrives at the biggest, 824 mW/m2, when outer resistance is 300 Ω, which is accordance to the inner resistance,(284±18)Ω, deduced from I-V curve;(4) the influences of pH and permanganate concentration on cathode potential is in agreement to Nernst equation.

研究结果显示：(1) MnO2在碳纸表面的沉积是阴极极化的主要原因，而溶液流动可以明显降低极化程度；将高锰酸钾溶解在缓冲溶液中可以进一步降低阴极H+浓差极化；(2)根据极化曲线可以推断，影响电池输出功率的决定性因素应是微生物代谢反应速度和微生物与电极之间的电子传递速率；(3)随外电阻的变化，电池输出功率出现极大值824 mW/m2，相应外电阻为300 Ω左右，这与通过 I-V 关系曲线推导得到的电池内阻(284±18)Ω相吻合；(4) pH值和高锰酸钾浓度对电池阴极电极电势的影响符合Nernst方程。

In order to disclosure the reason why the electrocatalysis activeness and selectivity droped after being used several hundred hours continuously, the x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscope have been used to characterize the surface condition variations of Monel metal. The results indicated: Monel metal belongs to the Cu-Ni alloy around the electrolysis experiment.And after being used for 600hr, the surface layer element composition and geometry distribution of the alloy changed, namely in the alloy the Cu element /which superficial free enthalpy was smaller,"concentrated" to the alloy surface,and formed one kind of marble structure microcrystallite.Thus the electrode surface becamed rough a

为了揭示蒙乃尔合金阴极在连续使用数百个小时后电催化活性剂选择性下降的原因，采用X射线衍射仪、电子扫描电镜和电子能谱分析仪对电解实验所用的蒙乃尔阴极材料在电解实验前后的表面状态进行了表征，结果表明：所使用的蒙乃尔合金阴极材料在电解实验前后均属于Cu-Ni合金，使用600hr后，由于表面层元素组成和几何排布发生了变化，即合金中表面自由焓较小的Cu元素向合金表面&富集&，形成一种大理石结构的微晶，表面粗糙、不均一，这是造成其对硝基苯电还原的催化活性及选择性随着使用时间延长而逐渐下降的主要原因，同时也为此类电极的修饰改进提供了方向。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。