阴极

Have tried to expand the definiens of CL, analysed and explained the phenomena and rules of CL, analysed the schemes for detect CL by overseas scholars and made a suit of generalized CL detect and analysis system by myself.

主要是扩展了阴极荧光的定义，分析解释了阴极荧光现象和规律，分析了国外阴极荧光探测方案的不足，设计制造了广义阴极荧光分析系统，实际测试了几百个样品，并有一批新发现。

The mechanism of wetting and electroosmosis of carbon cathode is discussed by the application of surface and capillary chemistry theories, on the basis of determination of relative phenomena in this melts; The hysteresis effect of wetting angle is studied and the velocity equation of carbon cathode electroosmosis is deduced.

归纳了熔液中碳溶胶、CO〓溶胶以及Al〓C〓胶体稳定性的影响因素。（6）根据对熔液中炭阴极湿润和电渗现象的研究，通过界面化学理论和毛细管界面理论的应用，讨论了熔液中炭阴极湿润和电渗机理。研究了熔液中炭阴极湿润角滞后效应产生的原因在于测量时体系的不平衡。推导了炭阴极电渗速率的理论方程。

The results show that, there is no obvious variation of the influence of different collector bar installations on the cathode potential drop, but the current distribution will be relatively evener when the cathode collector bar is horizontally installed.

结果表明，不同的阴极导杆安装方法对导流槽阴极的总电位降大小没有明显影响，但是水平阴极导杆安装更有利于阴极表面电流密度的均匀分布。

A catholyte reservoir (76) external to the cathode chamber supplies catholyte (40) to and removes gases (73) from the cathode chamber.

设置在阴极室外部的阴极电解液储存器（76）向阴极室供应阴极电解液（40）并从阴极室排出气体（73）。

A hypothetical drained cell model retrofitted from a 160kA Hall-Heroult cell was set up to calculate the current distribution in the cathode when the anode bottom and cathode top surfaces were declivous. Two half anode-cathode slice thermo-electrical models with the collector bars installed slopingly or horizontally were adopted to calculate the potential drop and electricity distribution of the cathode.

摘 要：将某厂现有的160kA Hall-Heroult铝电解槽改造成导流槽后，在阴极上表面和阳极底面呈斜坡状的条件下，计算了采用不同阴极导杆安装方式时阴极的电位和电流分布，即通过建立导流槽内部从阳极到阴极的一个半切片电热场模型，用有限元法分别对水平和平行于阴极斜坡两种不同导流槽阴极导杆的安装方式下阴极电位和表面电流密度分布进行了计算。

The invention is characterized in that: the ultraviolet flame sensor comprises a uviol piece, a meshed anode which is arranged on the uviol piece, a cathode substrate glass piece, a photocathode which is arranged on the cathode substrate glass piece, a glass ring which is arranged between the cathode and the anode, a vacuum orifice which is arranged on the glass ring, a plastic packaged base which is arranged under the cathode substrate glass piece, a cathode and an anode lead which are adhered to the plastic packaged base and are respectively connected with the cathode and the anode, and a plastic casing which is arranged around the plastic packaged base, the glass ring and the glass piece.

其特征在于，其中包括：透紫玻璃片；网状阳极，该阳极层制作在透紫玻璃片上；阴极衬底玻璃片；光电阴极，该层制作在阴极衬底玻璃片上面；玻璃环，该玻璃环制作在阴极和阳极中间；抽真空口，该抽真空口制作在玻璃环上；塑封底座，该底座制作在阴极衬底玻璃片下面；阴极和阳极引出线，该引出线粘接在塑封底座上，分别与阴极和阳极相连接；塑料外壳，该外壳制作在塑封底座，玻璃环和玻璃片周围。

Arc plasma has many advantages, such as high temperature、 high energydensity and so on. It has been applied in the field of cutting、 welding、 metallurgyand material prepared etc, but there is a long-term problem in the field of the arcplasma technology, which is how to reduce cathode erosion to increase the life-timeof arc plasma generator, so many scholars in the world have been studying theproblem on the cathode erosion.

电弧等离子体具有温度高、能量密度大和对环境污染小等特点，它已被广泛应用于切割、焊接、冶金、材料制备等领域，但是在电弧等离子体技术中，怎样减少阴极烧损提高等离子体发生器的寿命是电弧等离子体技术中一个长期问题，因而国内外的许多学者仍在对阴极烧损这个问题进行研究；本文围绕&通过提高阴极表面温度，增强阴极表面的电子发射能力，来增大阴极弧根直径，进而降低电弧通过阴极弧根传入阴极表面的有效比热流，以达到减小阴极烧损的目的。&

The experiment of the auxiliary heated arc plasma generator shows that thekey arc root has contraction under the condition of having magnetic field when thekey arc root is at the edge of the cathode surface.

在辅助加热电弧等离子体发生器的实验中看到：在有外磁场的情况下，主弧弧根在阴极边缘时，弧根有收缩的迹象，而当主弧弧根在阴极中心附近时，观察不到明显的弧根收缩迹象，并拍摄到有双弧柱的图片；当关掉磁场和弧电流〓时，主弧在阴极和阳极之间稳定的燃烧，主弧弧根稳定在阴极中心附近的一点上，而且弧根没有收缩的迹象，主弧弧根亮区的直径约为6.8毫米，与弧柱段的亮区直径相差无几；因而从实验结果分析可以看出，阴极表面温度的升高，能使主弧弧根直径增大：另一方面，由于主弧弧根直径的增大(即也意味着主弧弧根截面积的增大)，因而使电弧通过主弧弧根传入阴极表面的有效比热流降低，从而减少了阴极烧损。

The research of VCO attracts extensive attention of scientists all over the world, especially scientists working in the field of military science and technology. Types of improved VCO have appeared in the last two decades, such as, reflex triodes, reditrons, vircator with e-beam modulation, resonant cavity frequency locking vircators, multi-vircator phase locking devices, etc.

在过去二十多年中，出现了多种改进性能的虚阴极振荡器，如：反射三极管、Reditron、、谐振腔锁频虚阴极振荡器、多个虚阴极振荡器相位锁定装置、双间隙虚阴极振荡器、各种反馈式虚阴极振荡器等等。

Also the discharge current and gas pressure are both high. The study of the cathode properties such as its material, reaction with gases in a PCVD ambient, temperature, surface state, etc, comes to the conclusions which are much different with that of the cold cathode glow discharge.

由此导致了对于阴极材料的选择、阴极在PCVD气氛中的反应、阴极的工作温度、表面状态等涉及到阴极性质的研究工作，均得到有别于常规冷阴极辉光放电的具有热阴极特征的结论。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。