阳离子

The cationic guar was synthesized and the rheological behavior of aqueous solutions of CG in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate was studied in detail.

合成了阳离子瓜尔胶，研究了阳离子瓜儿胶水溶液在十二烷基硫酸钠存在条件下的流变行为。

The result showed that the one-valence cationsaccelerate the hydration process of α-hemihydrate gypsum greatly because they improvethe dispersed degree of α-hemihydrate gypsum particles due to the remarkable effect ofincreasing theζpotential; the effects of bivalent and trivalent cations on ζpotentialdecrease in turn, compared with monovalent cations, the effects on both the disperseddegree of α-hemihydrate gypsum particles and the setting time of paste are little.

研究还表明：由于一价阳离子能较大程度地提高石膏浆体的ζ电位，因而有效地提高了石膏颗粒的分散程度，对α半水石膏的水化加速作用很大，而二、三价离子对石膏浆体的ζ电位影响依次减小，对半水石膏颗粒的分散程度和浆体凝结时间的影响均不如一价阳离子作用大。

It is interesting that (1)hyperconjugation of the solvent's CF3-donor group prefers H4/H5 of BMI cation to H2, which can be explained by the steric hindrance of PF6 anion;(2) the various-temperature 19F spin-lattice relaxation times (T1) of CF3 show phase change, e.g.

藉由分析阳离子和三氟乙醇的扩散速率求得DD值，可以看到改善在乙醇形成大的基团，产生较强的分解，三氟乙醇的性质利用19F、1H化学位移，得到(1)CF3和阳离子H4、H5形成超共轭大於对H2，因为立体效应的关系，而藉由19F迟缓时间的数据，三氟乙醇展现相变化，由一到两各堆叠的离子对，和一个阴离子形成超阴离子的情形，因为溶剂而开始崩解，在继续分解可得到自由的阴阳离子。

However,the removal of soil noncrystalline aluminum with DCB soultioncaused an obvious decrease of soil SSA.3.The hydroxy aluminum in the interlayer of 1.4nm intergrade mineralhad an important negative effect on the cation exchange capacity ofsoil colloids.Its removal would cause a significant increase in CEC valuesof the soil colloids.4.Free aluminum was the major carrier of phosphate adsorption of soilcolloids.Particularly,the active aluminum had a decisive effect on thecapacity of phosphate adsorption of soil colliods.5.Addition to the effects of other soil constituents on soil surfaceproperties,it was thought that the effect of soil free aluminum,especially active aluminum on soil surface properties,deserved closeattention.

焦磷酸钠、草酸铵、DCB、柠檬酸钠和NaOH提取的土壤铝对提高土壤CECv、AEC、PZC和PZNC起重要作用，尤以活性铝的作用较大。2）用草酸铵处理除去铝后，土壤比表面积变化不大或略有增加；用DCB处理除去土壤铝后，土壤SSA明显降低。3）层间羟基铝对土壤胶体的阳离子交换量有显著负贡献，用柠檬酸钠将之除去后，土壤胶体的阳离子交换量明显增加。4）土壤胶体中的游离铝是土壤胶体吸附磷的主要载体，尤其是其中的活性铝，对土壤胶体的磷吸附能力起决定性作用。5）除其它土壤组分对土壤表面性质的影响外，土壤中的游离铝、尤其是活性铝对土壤有关表面性质的影响，值得引起特别的重视。

The differences in the solubility of β-cyclodextrin in the ionic liquids have been discussed from the interionic interaction between cation and anion of the ionic liquids and the inclusion interaction of the cations of the ionic liquids into the cavity of β-cyclodextrin.

结果表明，β-CD与离子液体的阳离子形成了1：1的包合物，并根据离子液体阴阳离子间的相互作用和β-CD与离子液体阳离子的包合作用，讨论了β-CD在不同离子液体中溶解度差异的原因。

According to the radius of doping metal ions and lattice parameter of doping samples, it was confirmed that doping metal ions replaced the Mn〓 of spinel LiMn〓O〓.

根据掺杂阳离子的半径和掺杂对尖晶石LiMn〓O〓晶格常数的影响规律确定了掺杂阳离子是进入到原来Mn〓占据的位置。

The results show that the quaternary ammonium cations C12 TA(superscript + and C14 TA(superscript +) with short alkyl chain only react with the hydration cation in the interlamerllar space of hydrobiotite, while those with long chain C16 TA(superscript + and C18 TA(superscript +) first react with the hydration cation, then with the kalium cation in phlogopite interlayer.

结果表明：较短链长的季铵盐阳离子C12TA(上标+， C14TA只与水黑云母蛭石晶层中的水合阳离子发生反应；而长链季铵盐阳离子C16TA(上标+， C18TA先同蛭石晶层的水合阳离子交换反应，再与云母晶层中的钾离子发生交换反应。

There are some isoforms of PAPs showing inhibitory ability to virus infection in various organs and at different stages of development. Three different species of the protein can be isolated from leaves of pokeweed. Proteins were precipitated with 50-80% ammonium sulfate from leaves in spring, summer and autumn respectively. Proteins were purified on SP cation-exchange then on MQ anion-exchange and finally on MS cation-exchange or on MQ anion-exchange. We found that some new pokeweed antiviral proteins separated from these leaves were different from PAP, PAPII and PAPIII.

对美洲商陆春季、夏季、秋季采集的叶片，用50-80％饱和度硫酸铵沉淀出来的蛋白样品，经过SP阳离子柱后，上MQ阴离子柱，然后把活性蛋白峰再上MS阳离子柱或MQ阴离子柱分离，从春季叶片中分离出四个不同的抗病毒蛋白峰；从夏季叶片中分离出二个不同的抗病毒蛋白峰，这两个蛋白峰与春季叶片中分离出的活性蛋白峰都能重叠上；但从秋季叶片中只分离出来一个抗病毒蛋白峰，它和春季、夏季叶片中分离出的活性蛋白峰都重叠不上。

There are some isoforms of PAPs showing inhibitory ability to virus infection in various organs and at different stages of development. Three different species of the protein can be isolated from leaves of pokeweed (PAP, PAPⅡ and PAPⅢ). Proteins were precipitated with 50-80% ammonium sulfate from leaves in spring, summer and autumn respectively. Proteins were purified on SP cation-exchange then on MQ anion-exchange and finally on MS cation-exchange or on MQ anion-exchange. We found that some new pokeweed antiviral proteins separated from these leaves were different from PAP, PAPⅡ and PAPⅢ.

对美洲商陆春季、夏季、秋季采集的叶片，用50-80％饱和度硫酸铵沉淀出来的蛋白样品，经过SP阳离子柱后，上MQ阴离子柱，然后把活性蛋白峰再上MS阳离子柱或MQ阴离子柱分离，从春季叶片中分离出四个不同的抗病毒蛋白峰；从夏季叶片中分离出二个不同的抗病毒蛋白峰，这两个蛋白峰与春季叶片中分离出的活性蛋白峰都能重叠上；但从秋季叶片中只分离出来一个抗病毒蛋白峰，它和春季、夏季叶片中分离出的活性蛋白峰都重叠不上。

Through the experiments on hydration of AH in the following sulphate（Li_2SO_4、MgSO_4 、 Al_2(SO_4)_3 、MnSO_4 、CuSO_4 、CoSO4 、CdSO_4 、ZnSO_4 、NiSO_4 、FeSO_4）, dissoluble sulfate hydrate origining from hydration process of AH affects it's hydrous rate, hydrous rate of AH does not connect with Z/R of cation in stimulation, theory that Z/R affect hydrous rate of AH does not exist. Third, hydration of AH in dissoluble sulfate complies with dissolve-nucleate -grow theory, concentration of Ca~2+ from dissolving of CaSO_4 is higher than one of CaSO_4·2H_2O, calcium sulphate dihydrite gets a motivity of crystallization. dissoluble sulfate takes the following function: double-salt or dissoluble sulfate hydrate from hydration of AH in it becomes heterogeneous particle and a kind of nucleation catalyzer, and reduces surface barrier when DH becomes crystal because the crystal of DH precedently appears in uneven place. Results indicate hydration of AH does not conform with double-salt theory, but it conform with this mechanism: dissolve-nucleate-grow, formation of DH is an uneven nucleation and crystalizaion process.

通过对CaSO_4在Na_2SO_4 、K_2SO_4 、Rb_2SO_4 、Cs_2SO_4 、(NH_4)_2SO_4溶液中水化过程，以及CaSO_4·2H_2O、CaSO_4与以上硫酸盐反应速度、产物的研究，说明复盐理论不正确；CaSO_4在（Li_2SO_4、MgSO_4 、 Al_2(SO_4)_3 、MnSO_4 、CuSO_4 、CoSO_4 、CdSO_4 、ZnSO_4 、NiSO_4 、FeSO_4）溶液中水化，水化过程中硫酸盐水合物的析晶影响着无水硫酸钙水化，与激发剂阳离子Z/R值大小无关，阳离子的Z/R参数影响水化率的规律并不存在； 3、无水硫酸钙在可溶性硫酸盐中的水化按照溶解-成核-生长理论进行，CaSO_4达到溶解平衡时Ca~2+的浓度大于CaSO_4·2H_2O溶解平衡的Ca~2+的浓度，CaSO_4·2H_2O获得结晶的驱动力，可溶性硫酸盐起到形成晶核的作用：水化过程与CaSO_4生成复盐或析出水合物所形成的细小物相，作为异质微粒使母相中存在不均匀性，这些不均匀性有效地降低成核时的表面能位垒，使CaSO_4·2H_2O晶核优先地在这些具不均匀性的地方形成，因此这些物质起成核催化剂作用。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。