防治

All results showed that three kinds of medicament on controlling sweetpotato black rot is effective, the control effect of 70% thiophanate-methyl and 50% carbendazim were above 90%, 50% amobam was above 80%. The four kinds of medicament on controlling sweetpotato stem nematode with 40% isofenphos-methyl, 50% phoxim, 5% aldicarb and 5% ethoprophos in the field showed obvious effect, the control effect were 88.81%, 83.29%, 93.63% and 90.35%.

在贮藏期间对甘薯黑斑病的药剂防治试验中，70%甲基托布津、50%多菌灵和50%代森铵三种药剂对甘薯黑斑病均有较好的防治效果，70%甲基托布津和50%多菌灵的防治效果达90%以上，50%代森铵的防治效果达80%以上；在田间对甘薯茎线虫病的药剂防治试验中，40%甲基异柳磷、50%辛硫磷、5%神农丹和5%茎线灵四种药剂对甘薯茎线虫病的防治效果明显，防效分别为88.81%、83.29%、93.63%和90.35%。

I have engaged in the research of rice stripe blight control for many years in Shanghai farm and found some problems: though there were some reports of research on rice stripe blight resistance, strategy of prevention and cure for the disease has been face to farmer mainly, while geographical location, cultivars and cultivation system adopted on the Farm all affect the effect of control. On the other hand, our Farm has paid attention to the chemical prevention and cure for rice stripe blight and ignored other measures. As for the chemical prevention and cure, phenomenon of drug-resistance and bad effect of prevention and cure existed usually.

本人在上海农场多年从事该课题研究过程中发现的问题：目前对水稻条纹叶枯病研究的报道较多，在防治对策上主要是针对农户，缺乏关于农场地域因素、品种、栽培制度等因素对水稻条纹叶枯病发生及防治的影响的报道；在水稻条纹叶枯病的防治上，农场仍是以化学防治为主，对其他防治措施还不够重视；在化学防治过程中，存在抗药性、防效不佳等问题。

Widely developing biology prevention and cure, using the gypsy moth NPV control the larva of gypsy moth, it's effect can reach above 70%, and it can easily form epidemic, then it will have the effect of long period's controlling; using Bt control the gypsy moth, it's effect can reach above 80%; using the gypsy moth Grplure can also gain certain effect; firstly using self-produced plant insecticide control the gypsy moth, it's controlling effect of origin liquid can reach 82.3%, and has widely using foreground.

广泛开展生物防治，利用舞毒蛾NPV防治舞毒蛾幼虫，防治效果达70％以上，且易形成流行病，可起到长期控制的作用；利用Bt防治舞毒蛾效果在80％以上；利用舞毒蛾性引诱剂也能收到一定的效果；首次应用自制的植物性杀虫剂防治舞毒蛾，应用原液防治效果达82.3％，有广阔的应用前景。

It includes four parts: 1 Part I, it introduces the basic knowledge of computer viruses such as computer virus definition, history and important viruses events, features, behavior phenomena, difference with computer software and hardware troubles, damage behavior and capability, classification, naming, future trend, etc; 2 Part II, it introduces the corresponding knowledge of computer systems related to computer viruses such as the composing of software and hardware of the computer system, storage media and its working mechanism, interrupt technologies,.com/.exe/.pe file formats and their working mechanism, etc; 3 Part III, it introduces computer virus mechanism and theory such as computer virus structure, work flow, working mechanism of key modules, typical technologies used to design computer viruses including the corresponding traditional technologies (interrupt filching, memory resident, etc.), the corresponding new routine technologies (self-encrypting, Mutation Engine, etc.), and the corresponding new technologies used by some prevalence computer viruses such as macro viruses, e-mail viruses, worm, hacker, Trojan, mobile phone viruses, the working mechanism analysis of some kinds of typical and prevalence computer viruses such as file-type viruses, macro viruses, e-mail viruses, worm viruses, hacker, Trojan, mobile phone viruses, the analysis of some typical and prevalence computer viruses examples including BALL viruses, WORD macro viruses, WantJob viruses, Code Red viruses, BO Trojan, etc; 4 Part IV, it introduces the defense and killing technologies of computer viruses such as the aim and criterion of computer viruses defense and killing, prevention methods and corresponding technologies, detection technologies (comparison method, character code scanning method, behavior inspecting method, analysis method, etc.), manual and automatic killing technologies, immunity technologies such as IBM digital immunity system, new anti-viruses technology trends (real-time anti-viruses technologies, 32 kernel technologies, active kernel technologies, etc.), some typical virus defense and killing softwares (Symantec AntiVirus product, PC-Cillin AntiVirus product, etc.), the defense and killing method analysis of some kinds of typical and prevalence computer viruses (file-type viruses, macro viruses, worm viruses, hacker, etc.), for example, firewall and intrusion detection technologies for anti-hacker, the defense and killing of some typical and prevalence computer viruses examples including WORD macro viruses, Code Red viruses, BO Trojan, etc.

课程内容具体包括四大部分：1）第一部分，介绍计算机病毒基本知识，包括：计算机病毒定义、病毒发展史及重大事件、病毒特点、病毒表现现象及与软硬件故障的区别、病毒破坏行为及危害性、病毒的传播途径及媒介、病毒分类、病毒的命名及计算机病毒技术发展趋势等内容；2）第二部分，介绍与计算机病毒有关的计算机系统相关知识，包括：计算机系统软硬件组成、存储介质结构及工作原理、计算机系统引导机理及流程、中断技术、。com/。exe/。pe等文件格式及工作机理等内容；3）第三部分，讲解计算机病毒机理，包括：计算机病毒的组成结构、病毒工作流程、病毒引导/触发/感染/破坏等模块的工作机理、计算机病毒所采取的编制技术（包括中断窃取/内存驻留等传统编制技术、自加密/隐形/变形机等新的常规编制技术、宏病毒/电子邮件病毒/网络蠕虫/特洛伊木马/黑客/手机病毒等一些新的流行病毒所采取的编制技术等）、一些类型的典型或流行计算机病毒的工作机理分析（包括：引导型病毒、文件型病毒、宏病毒、电子邮件病毒、蠕虫病毒、黑客、特洛伊木马、手机病毒等）、一些典型或流行的计算机病毒实例剖析（包括：小球病毒、WORD宏病毒、求职信病毒、红色代码病毒、冰河木马等）等内容；4）第四部分，讲解计算机病毒防治技术，包括：计算机病毒防治目的、病毒防治策略及规范、病毒在管理和技术上的预防措施、病毒检查技术（包括：比较法/病毒特征码扫描法/行为监测法/虚拟执行法/分析法等）、手工和自动病毒清杀技术、病毒免疫技术（包括：针对某种一次性感染病毒的基于病毒标签的免疫方法/基于自我完整性检查的计算机病毒免疫方法/IBM的数字免疫系统等）、反病毒技术的新发展（包括：实时反病毒技术/32位内核技术/主动内核技术/以毒攻毒技术等）、诺顿/趋势/金山等公司的病毒防治软件产品、一些类型的典型或流行的计算机病毒（包括：引导型病毒、文件型病毒、宏病毒、蠕虫病毒、电子邮件病毒、手机病毒、黑客、特洛伊木马）的防治措施（其中，也包括介绍面向防范黑客攻击的防火墙、入侵检测技术）、一些典型或流行的计算机病毒防治实例剖析（包括：WORD宏病毒、红色代码病毒、冰河木马v1.1/v2.2等）、多层次病毒防护体系等内容。

By applying the principle of optimality and multiple objective decision-making , and based on the control effect and the control cost of Spodoptera litura, decrease rate of spider and the retrieved yield, 11 pesticide control measures were comprehensively analyzed to find the optimal control measure with highest benefit.

根据不同药剂对斜纹夜蛾的防治效果、防治工本费、对天敌的影响、防治后挽回的产量损失等资料，以净收益最大作为最优防治目标，运用优化理论和多目标决策方法，对 11种药剂防治措施进行了综合分析。

The result of experiment on different chemical control shows the best chemicals for cootrol Eriosoma lanigerum in the part trees above ground is 40%omethoate adding 1‰ washing powder (the ratio is 1:800). Applying 0.25 kg fortified benzene to the root of each tree can kill Eriosoma lanigerum in the root. In the past three years, chemical control as first, complementary with the measures of integrated control and quarantine techniques, the percentage of suffered trees in Malus pumila garden of 40.8 hm2 in Yimen County has decreased from 48.5%to 2.65%.

不同药剂的防治试验结果表明：40％的氧化乐果1：800倍液加1％o的洗衣粉是防治苹果地上部分棉蚜的较佳药液；另每株根施0.25kg高丙体内吸粉剂对根部的苹果棉蚜具有较好的杀灭作用。3年来，以化学防治为主，辅以配套的综合防治及检疫技术措施，使易门40.8hm2苹果园的植株受害率由48.5％降至2.65％，取得了较好防治效果。

Methods The degree of knowing about the prevention and control of AIDS, the rate of high risk behavior, the number of condom use, and the change of the incidence rate of veneral disease were investigated and analysed before and after the programme. The effect on prevention anti control was apprasied. Results 16 months after the programme, pepole were more active to take part in the movement to prevent AIDS, showed more understanding and supporting to those who were engaged in preventing and curing AIDS, and more willing to accept patients with AIDS. The degree of knowledge about AIDS had risen up obviously, while the rate of the high risk behavior had fallen down.

调查分析临湘市爱滋病综合防治示范区实施爱滋病综合防治措施前后，社会人群对爱滋病防治工作的认知程度、爱滋病知识知晓率、高危行为率、安全套消耗量、性病发病率的变化，评价其防治效果结果实施综合防治措施16个月后，社会人群对爱滋病防治工作的积极参与、对爱防工作人员的理解支持、对爱滋病病人的接纳等认知程度显著提高，爱滋病知识知晓率明显上升，高危人群的高危行为率明显下降，市场安全套消耗量明显增加，性病发病率显著下降。

The effect of transgenx Bt cotton on non-target insects The kinds of the dominant species of pests in transgenic cotton field had obvious change, in which the H. armigera was no longer the main pest and the piercing-sucking pests such as Aphis gossypii, Tetranychus urticae, Thrips tabaci etc. rose the main pests. The kinds of the dominant species of predatory natural enemies seemed to be no variation, which was still Propylaea japonica Thunberg. Because of the effect of transgenic Bt cotton on H. armigera laevae-the development delay, the weight reduction, which affected the qualities of parasitic enemies, leading to the reduction of the weight of cocoon and the weight of adult, and the reduction of H.

转Bt基因棉对节肢动物群落整体结构及时序变化的影响 2001保铃棉与冀抗668的相似系数最高(0.8246)，冀抗668、保铃棉与常规防治的相似系数依次0.6459、0.5829，保铃棉和冀抗668与常规不防治的相似系数为0.5669、0.4485.2002 年与冀杭668的相似系数最高(0 。6887)，保铃棉和冀抗668与常规防治相似系数为0.4739、 0.3828，保铃棉和冀抗668与常规不防治的相似系数为0.3124、0.3999，此结果表明，两转Bt 基因棉田节肢动物群落的整体结构一致，相似性较大，与常规防治相比，相似系数有所降低，表明常规功治棉田中人为控制因素对节肢动物有一定影响；转Bt基因棉对节肢动物群落有一定影响，但并不显著。

People have paid attention to the pollution of soil and water quality caused by using organic arsenic chemistry reagent to prevent and cure apple-tree canker in our apple area, so it has an important purpose to seek a harm-free way for sustaining development of apple. The tests studied the effect of prevention and cure on apple-tree canker with EM mud, EM liquid, 40%'Fumeishen powder' and contrast. The results showed that the EM mud was superior to the EM liquid, 40% 'Fumeishen powder' and contrast. The prevention and cure effects of EM in 2006 and 2007 were 92.7% and 93.5%, while the recurrence rates of canker scars 1.8% and 2.8% respectively. And the healing effect of scar is 50.4%. So, it was considered as a new way to prevent and cure apple-tree canker with EM mud.

中国各苹果主产区果农长期使用有机砷等化学制剂防治腐烂病，对土壤、水质等环境造成的污染已引起人们的关注，寻求无公害的方法防治腐烂病，对苹果业可持续发展具有重要意义；本试验设EM活性菌泥涂抹、EM活性菌液涂抹、40%福美砷可湿性粉剂50倍液刮涂和对照（只刮除腐烂病疤，不涂药）4个处理，三次重复，进行了苹果树腐烂病的防治研究；结果表明，EM活性菌泥在防治效果、病疤复发率和促进病疤愈合效果方面均优于其它处理，其当年和第二年4月的防治效果分别为92.7%、93.5%，病疤复发率分别为1.8%、2.8%，促进病疤愈合效果也最好（50.4%）；因此，作者提出，将EM活性菌融入粘泥载体中制成菌泥，涂抹在腐烂病疤上，以菌治菌，是防治苹果树腐烂病的新途径。

The basic knowledge of development trend and the environmental factors, quarantine, prevention and cure period, the relationship between plant communities, and summary of forest prevention and control, quarantine prevention, physical and chemical control and biological control method.is as follows.

基本摸清了该虫发展趋势与环境因子、检疫、防治时期、植物生态群落之间的关系，并总结出营林防治、物理防治、检疫防治、生物防治、化学防治等防治方法。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。