防护林

The decrease in farming land and the increase in forestry and grass land resulted from adjustment of agricultural structure and the implementation of Three North Shelter Belt and other anti-desertification projects , while the degradation of pasture resulted from unreasonable human being activities and pasture tenure.

耕地面积减少和林草地面积增加主要是由于农业生产结构的调整和"三北"防护林工程及其他治沙工程的实施，而草原持续退化主要是不合理的人为活动和草原使用"责、权、利"不明确等因素共同造成的。

The result indicated that: land leveling in chernozem area should be based on the actual mode of production and soil characteristics to amend the local topographic surface; water conservancy works of farmland should adopt sprinkler irrigation system to save water; field road design requires to be based on field conditions in order to maximize conservation of the farmland; creating a shelter to mitigate the harmful wind, focusing on raising soil fertility, and changing tillage methods to improve soil.

研究结果：黑钙土地区土地平整应依据实际生产方式与土壤特性采取修改局部地形面方法；农田水利设施需采用喷灌系统进行节水灌溉；田间道路设计须根据实地条件与生产方式最大限度节约耕地；营造防护林以减缓有害风；注重培肥地力、改变耕作方式以改良土壤。

Based on the Sino-US Forest Health Cooperation Program, along with review on lots of foreign and domestic literatures, the historical trends of attributes of forest and the concept of health in the modern society are discussed and the concept of forest health is redefined, combining the methods of logic discursion with demonstration analysis, qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis and the ecology with other related science from point view of macro and middle scope aspects.

本研究依托中美森林健康试验示范区建设，结合大量的国内外文献分析，从中观和宏观角度，采用逻辑推理与实证分析、定性分析与定量分析、生态学和其他学科相结合等方法，讨论了森林属性的历史演变和现代健康观，对森林健康进行了重新的定义，首次尝试建立了基于中国林情的森林健康基本理论体系，构建了森林健康的评价方法，结合文献研究对城市森林、农田防护林、马尾松林、笋用雷竹林的健康评价进行了理论验证，并通过江西信丰崇墩沟流域森林健康评价进行了案例分析。

Study on the relationship between soil fertility properties and species diversity in grass layer showed that the main factor affecting species diversity was soil PH, then was the soil total phosphorus.

4对防护林草本层物种多样性指数与土壤肥力因子的关系研究表明：影响草本层物种多样性的主要因子是土壤PH 值，其次是土壤全磷含量。

By using four sample fields in Jiusheng village, Sandao town and Baiquan county, the paper studied the effects of different windbreak belt structures in hummock and hill district on biodiversity by means of the index, such as species richness , diversity index and biomass.

文章以拜泉县三道镇久胜村的4块样地为例，从物种丰富度指数、多样性指数、生物量等方面研究了漫岗丘陵区不同防护林结构对林下植物生物多样性的影响。

Littoral shelter forest is very important for the ecological environment protection.

沿海防护林是生态公益林建设的一部分，是生态环境建设的重要内容。

Another is the loblolly pine . Windbreaks not only protect land and crops from the wind. Surplus trees can be cut down and used to provide wood.

防护林不仅能保护耕地和农作物免于受风的干扰，多余的树还可以砍伐做为木材提供。

Keywords 'Three norths' wind break forest region;Land resource characteristics;Allocation of wind break forests

&三北&防护林地区；土地资源特点；防护林布局

With the socio-economic development, extensive use of modem production technique and the implement of new land contract arid forestry policies, the cropland shelter belt system set up during 1960s-1970s in Manass River Valley, even Xinjiang, needs to be changed in ideas and production techniques and to build new system of shelter forest and adapt to the new rural area construction.

随着社会经济发展、现代生产技术的广泛应用及新的土地承包、林业政策法规的贯彻，玛纳斯河流域绿洲在20世纪60、70年代建立的农田防护林体系，需要在思想观念及生产技术等方面有相应的变化，建立新的防护林体系，适应新农村建设。

In ecological fragile zone in arid and semi-arid area of Inner Mongolia, the ecological forest net works were constructed by afforestation in drought sun slope of Daqingshan mountain ,along highway and of shelter belt in farm land.

在内蒙古干旱、半干旱区生态脆弱带，通过对内蒙古大青山干旱阳坡、绿色通道和山前冲积、洪积平原农田防护林等三个类型森林生态网络体系的构建，遵循适地适树的原则，选择适宜树种、营养杯或带土托大苗，采用了保水抗旱造林技术措施，使得干旱阳坡造林成活率达到了 85～ 95%；绿色通道林造林成活率为 80 -1 0 0 %；农田防护林造林成活率为 90～99.8%。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。