间距

The synthesized PCU was then characterized by infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, small-angle X-ray scattering, and tensile strength measurement. The IR showed that the polymer synthesized by the above two methods both have the polycarbonate-urethane structure and the tensile measurement showed good mechanical performance of the polymer. The DSC and TGA data showed that there is an obvious soft-hard glass transition area, which indicated the existence of the micro-phase separation structure. The extent of the phase separation was affected by the ratio of starting materials, the molecular weight of PCD, and the polymerization method. The decomposition upon heating was observed in two steps. SAXS result showed that the radius (r_2), the distance between domains (d_2), and gyral radius (R_2) of hard segment micro-domain were fairly affected by the starting materials ratio and soft segment content.

IR结果表明两种方法合成的聚合产物均具有聚碳酸酯聚氨酯的结构；拉伸实验表明聚合产物具有良好的力学性能；DSC、TG结果表明，聚合物呈现出较为明显的软硬段玻璃化转变区，表明存在微相分离的结构，相分离的程度受原料配比、软段分子量、聚合方法的影响，其热分解分为明显的两个阶段； SAXS结果表明，聚合物原料配比、软段含量的变化对硬段微区回旋半径R_2，微区间距d_2，微区半径r_2影响不大其值分别为9.5(A|°、29、7.4，但对软段的微区半径及间距影响较大，随着软段含量的增大，软段微区的半径r1和间距d1都增大。

While for the two modes quantized field, the fractionalShapiro steps are obtained. Different from the single mode case where the equal spacesteps are given, nonequal space steps can be obtained in the two-mode field.

而在双模量子化场辐照下，超流可呈现分数台阶特点，台阶间距也不同于单模等间距情况，呈现非等间距台阶特征。

The montorillonite is treated with these agents, which results in marked increase in their organophilic properties. The orgnic-montmorillonite has been identified by X-ray diffraction, different thermal analysis and infrared adsorption spectra. Polyethylene/montmorillonite composites are pre- pared by melt intercalation. The compatibility of PE and MMT is improved with different compatibilizers. As a compatibilizer, maleated polyethylene is better and has been proved by XRD and mechanics performance.

同时用X射线衍射衍射实验、红外光谱实验、差热分析试验、力学性能测试等手段，研究了采用不同的相容剂改善聚乙烯与蒙脱土之间的相容性的情况；相容剂的用量对聚乙烯/蒙脱土复合材料层间距、性能的影响；蒙脱土的含量对PE/MMT对复合体系的层间距影响；以及工艺条件对复合体系的层间距和性能的影响。

The concentration of NO and NO2 increases with increasing of frequency and increasing of the distance between electrodes. Electrode polarity unconspicuously affects the concentration of NO and NO2. The distance between electrodes considerably affects radio of NO2 /.

结果发现：放电频率、电极间距对NO 和NO2的浓度影响显著， NO 和NO2浓度随放电频率和放电间距的提高而增加，电极极性对NO 和NO2浓度的影响不明显，电极间距对 NO2 /的比值影响明显。

Some commonly agreed findings of legibility research include: text set in lower case is more legible than text set all in upper case, presumably because lower case letter structures and word shapes are more distinctive, having greater saliency with the presence of extenders (ascenders, descenders and other projecting parts); regular upright type is found to be more legible that italics, contrast, without dazzling brightness, has also been found to be important, with black on yellow/cream being most effective; positive images are easier to read than negative or reversed; the upper portions of letters play a stonger part than the lower portions in the recognition process; legibility is compromised by letterspacing, word spacing and leading that are too tight or too loose.

在易读性研究方面达成的共识包括：小写字母的文本要比全大写字母的文本易读，大致是由于小写字母的结构和词语形状更容易区分，特征更明显——带有延展性的笔画（ascenders上伸笔画， descenders下伸笔画、以及其他的伸展性笔画部件）；标准体字形的易读性要优于斜体；对比很重要——不要用那些耀眼的发光效果；在黄色/奶油色底上使用黑色文字最有效；阳文要比阴文易读；在识别过程中，字母的上部形状要比下部形状发挥更重要的作用；字母间距、词间距和行间距太密集或太松散也会降低易读性。

Some commonly agreed findings of legibility research include: text set in lower case is more legible than text set all in upper case, presumably because lower case letter structures and word shapes are more distinctive, having greater saliency with the presence of extenders (ascenders, descenders and other projecting parts); regular upright type is found to be more legible that italics, contrast, without dazzling brightness, has also been found to be important, with black on yellow/cream being most effective; positive images are easier to read than negative or reversed; the upper portions of letters play a stonger part than the lower portions in the recognition process; legibility is compromised by letterspacing, word spacing and leading that are too tight or too loose.

在易读性研究方面达成的共识包括：小写字母的文本要比全大写字母的文本易读，大致是由于小写字母的结构和词语形状更容易区分，特征更明显——带有延展性的笔画（ascenders上伸笔画， descenders下伸笔画、以及其他的伸展性笔画部件）；标准体字形的易读性要优于斜体；对比很重要——不要有那些耀眼的发光效果；在黄色/奶油色底上使用黑色文字最有效；阳文要比阴文易读；在识别过程中，字母的上部形状要比下部形状发挥更重要的作用；字母间距、词间距和行间距太密集或太松散也会降低易读性。

In addition, we divide platoon into two states, one is unstable state, there are major small-car departure headways and heavy-vehicles effects' functions forecasting the vehicle departure time of the state; the other is stable state, we used average departure headway and microscopic car-following headway to predict the vehicle departure time of the state.

因此，我们将车队划分成两个阶段，一为不稳定阶段，主要由小车疏解间距及大车效应两个函数，共同预测此阶段之车辆疏解时间；二则为稳定阶段，分别以平均疏解间距及微观跟车间距函数预测此阶段之车辆疏解时间。

The parameters include waveguide width: 8μm, titanium film thickness:50~60nm, index change: 0.006, diffusion temperature: 1050 and diffusion time: 9~10 hours.Designed and produced a 2 X 2 coupler Optical switch and a 1 X 2 digital optical switch. The coupler optical switch was produced by AP reversal structure, with the main parameters such as total length of switch: 30mm, waveguides center distance: Hum, interaction length: 17mm, and at 17V with a crosstalk of -18dB. The digital optical switch was produced by asymmetry electrode Y branch structure. The main parameters of this switch such as switch length: 25mm, the angle of Y branch: 0=0.1? center distance at branch end: 30μm, the center distance of electrons: 12μm, and at 27V with a crosstalk of 18dB.

设计并制作了2×2耦合型光开关和1×2数字开关，其中耦合型开关主要采用的反转Δβ定向耦合器开关，开关长度约30mm，波导宽度8μm，波导间距14μm，耦合区长度17mm，电极主要采用三电极结构，最终测得对TE模开关电压＜-15，消光比≈18dB；数字开关采用非对称电极Y分叉数子开关结构，利用BPM软件模拟了其开关特性并优化了器件参数，制作中采用的主要参数为：开关长度约25mm，Y分叉角θ=0.1°，Y分叉末端波导间距30μm，电极间距12μm，最终测得开关电压27V，消光比≈18dB。

A" B" and "C" are secondary spacings to be put on the test sample in the event the minimum spacing fails.

& &B&和&C&是第二选择的间距，在最小间距失败的情况下，就将&B&和&C 间距进行试验。

Results show that when improving spot pitch in weld bonded joints with high elastic modulus adhesives, stresses in weld spot zone are decreased while stresses and strains at edges of overlap region are increased slightly. For the joints with low elastic modulus adhesives, both stress concentration degree at the weld spot and the shear strain at edges of overlap region are increased with the spot pitch increasing.

结果表明，高弹性模量胶粘剂胶焊接头中，增大焊点间距，焊点区应力减小而搭接区边缘胶层中的应力应变略有增大；低弹性模量胶粘剂胶焊接头中，焊点处应力集中程度和搭接区边缘胶层中的剪应变值都随焊点间距的增加而增大，增加焊点间距，两种接头的胶层断裂强度都将降低。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。