间接遗传

One is known technically as kin selection, and familiarly as nepotism. This spreads an individual's genes collaterally, rather than directly, but is otherwise similar to his helping his own offspring.

一种在理论上被称为亲戚选择，即俗称的裙带关系，它可以间接而非直接地传播某一个体的遗传基因，不过在其它方面来看又类似于帮助自己的子孙。

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relative impact of genetic versus nongenetic factors on muscle GS activation and regulation in young and elderly twins examined with a 2-h euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic (40 mU · m–2 · min–1) clamp combined with indirect calorimetry and excision of muscle biopsies.

这个研究的目的是采用2小时正常血糖-高血浆胰岛素钳夹技术(40 mU · m–2 · min–1)结合间接测热法和肌肉活组织切片技术探索遗传因素和非遗传因素两方面对幼年和成年双胞胎肌肉糖原合成酶调节之间的关系。

The aim of this study was to ealuate the relatie impact of genetic ersus nongenetic factors on muscle GS actiation and regulation in young and elderly twins examined with a 2-h euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic (40 mU · m–2 · min–1) clamp combined with indirect calorimetry and excision of muscle biopsies.

这个研究的目的是采用2小时正常血糖-高血浆胰岛素钳夹技术(40 mU · m–2 · min–1)结合间接测热法和肌肉活组织切片技术探索遗传因素和非遗传因素两方面对幼年和成年双胞胎肌肉糖原合成酶调节之间的关系。

First, for the reduction of the solving scale of the scheduling problem, on the basis of the defined scheduling characteristics—resource conflicting probability, all operations of the scheduling problem are divided dynamically into two kinds in the scheduling process: the first kind of operations with greater probability of the resource conflict, and the second kind of operations with less probability of the resource conflict.

首先，在遗传算法迭代求解过程中，为降低调度问题的求解规模，基于所定义的调度特征量——资源冲突可能性，将所有操作动态划分为资源冲突可能性较高的操作和资源冲突可能性较低的操作，分别直接和间接参与染色体编码。

If RB1 molecular genetic testing is not available or is uninformative, indirect testing using polymorphic loci linked to the RB1 gene can be used in familial RB to clarify the genetic status of at-risk family members.

如果无法对 RB1做分子遗传学检测或检测无有效信息，用与 RB1基因连锁的多态位点进行间接的检测同样能用于在家族性 RB 中阐明易感家族成员的遗传状况。

VO2max and indirect methods for measuring are researched and analyzed,using literature data,antitheses and data statistics.

采用文献资料法、对比法和数据统计法，对最大摄氧量及其间接测定方法进行了研究分析，初步总结出最大摄氧量受遗传、性别、年龄、环境、营养饮食状况、生活习惯和训练等因素的影响。

A total of 23 surface soil organic extracts from an F-waste processing area in Southern China were analyzed to screen and assess direct and indirect genotoxicity levels using SOS/umu test.

采用SOS/umu测试方法对我国南方某电子垃圾处理地23个土壤样品的有机提取物的直接和间接遗传毒性进行了初步的评估和筛选。

Path analysis of nine traits, which were highly correlated with tree volume, showed that the direct contribution of DBH and height on the variations of tree volume took up about 63% of the total variations. On the other hand, those traits, such as tree crown and wall/lumina, affected the volume strongly by indirect way of the genetic correlation with DBH and height.

通过对与材积性状紧密相关的胸径等9个性状的通径分析发现，胸径和树高两个性状对单木材积的直接作用占材积总变异的63％，其余性状的直接控制作用很小；冠幅、壁腔比等性状通过胸径对单木材积具有很大的间接遗传控制作用，这种控制是通过与胸径、树高的遗传相关实现的。

The total 48 Haemophilus parasuis strains isolated from Guangdong province in 2007-2008 were serotyped by Indirect Haemagglutination Assay, and respectively belonged to 7 serotypes, 5 serotype with 23.68%.

采用肠杆菌基因间重复序列-PCR（Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-PCR）对保存的2007～2008年广东地区发病猪群中分离的48株副猪嗜血杆菌进行了分析，用间接血凝进行血清分型，PHYLIP-3.68软件对电泳图谱进行基因分型及遗传关系的分析。

Based on the framework of the Alife evolutionary model, we proposed two different models according to Lamarck direct evolution and Baldwin effect. They are called genetic controlled evolutionary reinforced model and autonomous genetic reinforced model, both of which embodied in the mutual effect of learning and evolution.

在基于遗传算法的人工生命进化模型的结构框架下，分别依据Lamarck直接遗传方式和Baldwin效应间接遗传方式两种不同的遗传行为方式，设计了遗传监视进化强化模型和自律遗传强化模型两种不同风格的进化模型，它们都有效地体现了学习和进化之间的双向作用关系。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。