间变

Sometimes the neighbour's pigeons land on my windowledge Cooing softly Where the great poplar at the window has somehow grown beyond the fourth-floor roof They skim round its crown and back The sunlight on their fluffy feathers Alive day by day I keep coming indoors empty-handed And throwing book and jacket on the bed As the days hurry by I can bring scarcely anything home Even after days away Only you remain and the little room Living day by day We have grown used By an unspoken pact to the room's breadth A pair of pigeons cooing softly on the windowledge Which at many instants belong to us Day by day Dust that falls on book spines gradually yellows Perhaps it is otherwise That life, if it does, provides I know that the unwitting request is not excessive And that summer turns to autumn Perhaps fallen leaves will swirl after a night of rain It does not mean a return to green shade deep in sunlight A house-cleaning when leisure affords Feelings may come on latent even as Irrelevancies are spoken softly The instant when a first trembling on the lips teaches you happiness Lasts till the end of life A request always voiced unwittingly

有时候，邻家的鸽子落在我的窗台上咕咕地轻啼窗口的大杨树不知不觉间已高过了四层楼的屋顶它们轻绕那些树冠又飞回来阳光在蓬松的羽毛上那么温柔生命日复一日我往往空着手从街上回来把书和上衣掷在床上日子过得匆匆忙忙我时常不能带回来什么即使离家数日只留下你和这小小的屋子生活日复一日面对无声无息的默契我们已习惯了彼此间的宽容一对鸽子在窗台上咕咕地轻啼他们在许多瞬间属于我们日复一日灰尘落在书脊上渐渐变黄如果生活时时在给予那也许是另一回事我知道，那无意间提出的请求并不过份我知道，夏日正转向秋天也许一场夜雨过后就会落叶纷飞不是说再回到阳光下幽深的绿荫日子需要闲遐的时候把家收拾干净，即使轻声述说些无关紧要的事情感也会在其间潜潜走过当唇际间最初的战栗使你感知了幸福这一瞬已延伸到了生命的尽头而那些请求都是无意间说出的

Results In 84 cases of nerve root type,stenosis was found in 438 intervertebral foramen,of which C6～7 and C5～6 intervertebral foramen stenosis accounted for 79.6%.The causes of intervertebral foramen stenosis were uncinate process articulation hyperosteogeny,intervenebral disc protrusion,vertebral body hypertrophy,zygapophysis hyperosteogeny and dislocation etc.40 cases of vertbral artery type manifested that vertbral artery became slim and deviousness as a result of the compression of vertbral artery （20.7%） by osteophyte.22 cases of myeloid type manifested with cervical spinal canal stenosis,hyperosteogeny of posterior vertebral body edge,posterior longitudinal ligament calcification and cervical intervertebral disc protrusion etc.

结果 84例神经根型中，发现椎间孔狭窄438处，其中C5～6和C6～7椎间孔狭窄占79.6%，椎间孔狭窄的成因有钩突关节骨质增生、椎间盘突出、椎体肥大、小关节突骨质增生、错位等；40例椎动脉型表现为骨赘压迫椎动脉（52.5%），导致椎动脉变细、粗细不均和椎动脉迂曲。22例脊髓型表现为颈椎椎管狭窄、椎体后缘骨质增生、后纵韧带钙化、椎间隙狭窄和颈椎间盘突出等。

Based on the research, the effect of rock mechanics parameters on casing load in flowage formation is analyzed.

针对由于地层具有流变特性对套管载荷的影响以及由于泥岩浸水等因素造成的地层流变特性改变而对套损产生影响等问题，根据开尔文模型推导了流变地层中套管载荷和地层粘度的关系，从而反映了套管载荷随时间的变化，在此基础上分析了流变地层岩石力学参数对套管载荷的影响。

The results were found as following:(1) The damage value increases more significantly with the increase in PVF before 30% PVF, beyond which the increasing trend becomes gradually gentle.(2)Keeping the interphase strength and PVF unchanged, the damage increase with increasing moisture concentration in a nearly linear relation.(3)The results generated from the FCC model with consideration of the interphase debonding are in good agreement with the experimental data, meanwhile, the FCC model is also capable of predicting the critical load for the damaged and the undamaged dental composite subject too the 3-point flexural test.4 A 3D-fmite element analysis has been successfully exploited to examine the mechanical behavior of the restoration-tooth structure under the polymerization shrinkage and water sorption. It was found:(1) The low stiffness of the composite has the effect to limit the displacement occurring in the remaining tooth tissue. For lower interphase, the cuspal flexures are litter higher. The high interphase modulus acts as a \'shielding effect\' for stress transfer.

得到如下结论：(1)相同的吸湿性，在30％PVF(颗粒体积分数：Particle volume fraction，PVF)前增加PVF，层间脱胶损伤值显著增加；此后损伤值的增加趋于平缓；(2)保持层间强度和PVF不变，层间脱胶损伤随吸湿率的增加而接近线性增加；(3)FCC(面心立方：Face-centred cubic，FCC)模型层间脱胶损伤的预测结果和实验数据基本吻合；同时此模型可以用于预测牙齿填充材料三点弯曲实验的临界载荷。4、建立理想牙齿修复结构，利用有限元方法研究了同时考虑聚合收缩和吸湿膨胀耦合作用下的填充修复材料和粘结界面层材料性能对牙齿修复结构的力学行为的影响，得到如下结论：(1)低弹性模量的牙齿填充修复材料能限制天然牙组织的位移，但天然牙组织的位移与粘结界面层的弹性模量无关。

The impact of temperature,pH and ionic strength on the volume phase transition of the hydrogels is studied.The result shows that the volume phase transition temperature of ionizable and thermosenstive copolymer hydrogels depend upon the hydrophilic/hydrophobic character of the comonomers...

结果表明，疏水基末端端基的疏水程度决定凝胶体积相变的速率，随着疏水性单体甲基丙烯酸酯烷基链的增长，凝胶的疏水性增强，凝胶的相转变pH向低pH处迁移；温度高于LCST时，分子间的氢键作用减弱，疏水基团间的相互作用加强，凝胶发生体积相变。

Based upon the ecoanatomical method, leaf anatomical characters of eleven populations of six evergreen species (Cyclobalanopsis glauca, C. myrsinaefolia, C. gracilis, Castanopsis sclerophylla, C. eyrei and Lithocarpus glaber) from the eastern subtropical area of China were analyzed and compared with SPSS, DCA and TWINSPAN. The results are: 1. Although the leaf structures of the eleven populations still belong to the mesophyll type, they all express the trend of xerophilization. 2. There are some differences in leaf anatomical characters among populations, species and genera, which occur as the results of their adaptation to different habitats. 3. Different leaf anatomical characters have different variations among populations, species and genera, of which leaf thickness and palisade tissue thickness (considered as ecological adaptation characters) have greater variation than sponge tissue thickness, lower cuticle thickness and lower epidermis thickness (as systematical evolution characters). 4. The leaves of C. sclerophylla and C. glauca with thicker lamina, palisade tissue and cuticle (a multilayered upper epidermis in C. sclerophylla) are thought to better adapt to their dry habitat. The leaves of C. eyrei with thicker sponge tissue, although characterized by a multlayered upper epidermis, adapt to their humid and warm habitat. The leaves of C. myrsinaefolia and C. gracilis characterized by a thinner lamina, a less palisade tissue and a moderate cuticle thickness adapt to the humid and cool habitat in a middle mountain.

选取亚热带东部替代分布明显的壳斗科6种常绿树种（青冈、小叶青冈、细叶青冈、苦槠、甜槠和石栎）的11个种群叶片进行生态解剖，并用SPSS， DCA和TWINSPAN比较分析，结果表明：①尽管6种11个种群叶的结构仍属中生叶型，但有着不同程度的趋旱适应；②叶的解剖性状在属间、种间和种群间均存在着不同程度的差异，这是它们适应各自生境的结果，青冈和石栎的种内差异较大，反映出它们对环境变化有较强响应能力；③叶片的不同解剖性状在属、种类和种群间的变化并不同步，其中叶片和栅栏组织厚度等性状差异突出，反映它们更易受环境的饰变，是生态适应性状，而海绵组织、下角质膜，特别是下表皮厚度等性状差异较小，显示出这些性状的稳定性，可以认为是系统演化性状；④苦槠、青冈具有较厚的叶片、栅栏组织、角质膜和发达输导和机械组织，苦槠还具有复表皮，表现出对旱化生境的适应；甜槠尽管具有复表皮和较厚的叶片，但这是海绵组织增厚的结果，是对中生生境的适应；小叶青冈和细叶青冈具有较薄的叶片和栅栏组织、角质膜厚度居中等特点，可能是对中山凉湿生境的适应。

As compared with the traditional irrigation-traditional fertilization, the following results of the improved optimized irrigation-optimized fertilization were obtained: significantly higher nitrogen use efficiency; the like tiller number per unit area, percentage of the tiller ear number/the tiller number, the ear number per unit area, the greatly reduced grain number per ear, and significantly heavier weight of 1, 000 grains; a trifle taller plants; shorter base internode length, a bit more weight per unit internode length, longer internode length under ear; almost the same LAI values in middle and later stages; coincident process of dry matter accumulation from straight growth onwards, a little more dry matter accumulation amount from earing to maturity; a little longer flag leaf, 2〓 leaf, 3〓 leaf (but the three leaves were shorter than those of the optimized irrigation-traditional fertilization) and shorter 4〓 leaf from top, a bit reduced total area of these leaves; almost the same leaf thickness, mean canopy leaf tilt angle, light extinction coefficient , ratio of light penetration in the upper, middle and lower parts of the wheat canopy, and fair plant type; almost the same senescence process of flag leaf; and increased root amount in 0-120cm soil layer and smaller rate of progressive decrease of the root length density and root weight density with soil getting deep, which can strengthen the resistance to adverse conditions such as water stress in the later stage.

在优化水肥条件下，冬小麦总分蘖数、成穗率及单位面积穗数与传统水肥比较接近，但穗粒数显著减少，千粒重显著提高；株高稍有增加；基部节间长度缩短，充实度略微增高，穗下节间增长；中后期LAI与传统水肥的LAI值基本吻合；起身至成熟干物质积累量动态变化过程与传统水肥十分接近，但抽穗至成熟所形成的干物质量增加；上三叶变长（但上三叶长度增加幅度小于优化灌溉-传统施肥处理），倒4叶变短，总叶面积略有减少；叶片厚度、冠层平均叶倾角、消光系数、冠层各层的透光率与传统水肥差异很小，株型较好；旗叶叶绿素含量动态变化与传统水肥十分接近；0-120cm土层的总根量明显增加，上层根群和深层根群的差异最小，有利于提高小麦后期的抗逆力。

This article briefly introduces the purpose of study on the rheological properties of food,the influence of molecular weight,structure,concentration,pH,temperature,shearing force on the rheological properties of food thickeners and synergism among them.In addition,the action of food thickeners on improving the rheological properties of food is also included in this article.

文章综述了食品流变学研究的目的，增稠剂的相对分子质量、结构、增稠剂溶液浓度、pH值、温度、外界切变力等对增稠剂流变特性的影响和增稠剂间的增效作用以及增稠剂在改善食品流变特性中的应用，即加入少量的增稠剂就能对食品粘度产生惊人的影响，使其获得良好的流变特性。

This article briefly introduces the purpose of study on the rheological properties of food,the influence of molecular weight,structure,concentration,pH,temperature,shearing force on the rheological properties of food thickeners and synergism among them.

文章综述了食品流变学研究的目的，增稠剂的相对分子质量、结构、增稠剂溶液浓度、pH值、温度、外界切变力等对增稠剂流变特性的影响和增稠剂间的增效作用以及增稠剂在改善食品流变特性中的应用，即加入少量的增稠剂就能对食品粘度产生惊人的影响，使其获得良好的流变特性。

It is clarified for the first time that the thermal fatigue failure of solder joint is actually a creep strain low cycle fatigue failure, and a physical model for creep fatigue crack propagation has been proposed. It was pointed out that creep strain increases in the high stress area ahead of the tip of thermal fatigue crack, results on one hand that the slide of crack tip increase, inactivation more serious and crack close length increases, the other hand, that intergranular crack exists, whose direction will affect the fatigue crack propagating.

本文首次阐明了焊点的热循环失效本质上是以焊点内循环蠕变为主要应变的低周疲劳失效，并在此基础上提出了蠕变疲劳裂纹扩展的物理模型，指出热循环裂纹前端的高应力区内，蠕变加剧，使裂纹前端滑移增加，裂纹钝化加剧，导致随后的裂纹闭合扩展长度增加；同时蠕变也使裂纹前端的高应力区出现晶间裂纹，蠕变沿晶裂纹对主裂纹扩展的影响取决于沿晶裂纹的连接方向。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。