间冰期的

The project team has taken loess, lacustrine and peat sediments and tree ring as the research carrier, a systematic study has been carried on the warm phases of the different period (60-25 ka, last deglaciation, Holocene, the recent e few hundred years) and the last interglaciation on the basis of the extensive field investigation and laboratory analysis.

项目组以黄土、湖沼和树轮等沉积物为研究载体，经过大量的野外考察和实验室分析测试，对我国半干旱带末次间冰期和距今六万年以来不同时间段的温暖期（6万年到2.5万年、末次冰消期、全新世、最近几百年）进行了系统的研究，取得了一批重要的阶段性成果，确认了东亚季风气候和温暖期的不稳定性特征。

The input of light isotope enriched terrestrial carbon causes atmospheric δ^13C to drop by about 0.3‰ at deglaciation,followed by a rapid rise towards a high interglacial value in response to oceanic warming and regrowth on land.

在间冰期，劳伦和芬诺斯堪的亚冰盖融化的大量融溶水注入北大西洋，这种融溶水持续以大约0.1 Sv有规律的释放，已对位于北大西洋大洋传输带循环的"Achmes Heel"构成了威胁。

23KaBP, is the late stage of interstadial of the last glacial period.

40～23kaBP是末次冰期间冰阶晚期，相当于深海氧同位素MIS3阶段的后期。

The last glacial,from 80 000 years BP to 10,000 years BP,can be divided into three stages,i.e.,early and later glacial stages and interglacial in the middle.

末次冰期，距今8万年到1万年，可分为三个阶段，早、晚冰段和中间的间冰段。

Climate in the early Pleistocene1 varied with a period of 41 kyr and was related to variations in Earth's obliquity.

过去300万年是一个气候剧变的时期，地球上的状况在寒冷的冰川期和温暖的间冰期两个极端之间交替。

During the Last Interglaciation it was the forest, mainly composed of broadleaves, or forest-grassland at the east and middle part of the Chinese Loess Plateau, and was the forest-grassland at the west part of the Chinese Loess Plateau. It changed to the forest or forest-grassland at the most part of the Chinese Loess Plateau in the Holocene, some kinds of hardwood broadleaves dispersing at the warm temperate and the tropic zones appeared. Now the vegetation at the Chinese Loess Plateau inherits from that during the Holocene, the vegetation have been heavily destroyed owing to the human being actions. The vegetation protection at the Chinese Loess Plateau is a significant problem.

末次间冰期期间气候温暖湿润，黄土高原的中、东部地区主要发育了以落叶阔叶林为主的森林或森林草原植被，黄土高原西部地区主要发育的是以针叶林为主森林草原植被；全新世期间黄土高原的植被状况发生较大变化，黄土高原的大部分地区为森林植被或森林草原植被，植被中还有暖温带落叶阔叶林，并含有少量亚热带种属；现代黄土高原的植被主要还是继承了全新世以来的植被状况，但是由于人类活动的加剧，对黄土高原的植被产生了毁灭性的破坏，因此，如何保护黄土高原的自然植被是我们面临的一个严峻的现实问题。

Using this varve dating results, we calibrate the other dating methods (radiocarbon dating and U-series dating) which were carried out in Lake Sugan. It was found that in the Little Ice Age with clastic varve type, radiocarbon dating has 2630 years radiocarbon reservoir effect, while beyond the LIA, the radiocarbon reservoir changed as the time passed.

通过已经得到验证的年纹层年龄-深度序列，对苏干湖其它测年手段~(14C测年和铀系测年进行验证，发现在碎屑类纹层沉积阶段即小冰期阶段，水生植物残体的~(14)C测年存在2630年碳库效应，小冰期以外时段碳库效应责随时间变化。

This project was conducted starting with the three interrelated subjects the structural characteristics of desertification landscapes in different bioclimatic zones, desertification driving factors and their function mechanism, and the dynamic model of landscape space for the occurrence and development of desertification in representative desertification regions and on the basis of in-depth studies of the relations between landscape structural characteristics and processes of desertification and their stability; the driving force of different time-space scales of desertification and their proportion, manifestation form, and action mechanism in the desertification processes; and the establishment of threshold conditions for the surface wind erosion and has achieved important progress in the definition of desertification conception

本课题从三个相互联系的专题（即不同生物气候区荒漠化景观的结构特征、荒漠化驱动因素及其作用机理、典型荒漠化地区荒漠化发生与发展的景观空间动力学模型）入手，在深入研究荒漠化景观结构特征与过程的关系及其稳定性，不同时空尺度的荒漠化过程驱动力及其在荒漠化过程中所占比重、表现形式及作用机制，地表风蚀临界条件的确定等内容的基础上，虽未建立荒漠化景观空间动力学模型，但在沙漠化概念，末次间冰期以来沙漠化过程时间序列和特征冷暖时期沙漠、沙地空间分布格局，现代沙漠化过程中自然因素和人文因素的作用、贡献率、沙漠化土地对气候的反馈作用以及风蚀临界值，沙粒跃移轨迹参数和能量分布，我国沙漠化防治思路和对策，沙尘暴区划和沙尘暴指数等方面取得了重要进展。

Analysis of sedimentary facies and the multiple proxy indexes indicate that climate have many times dry-cold and warm-wet changes in the desert-loess transition belt since the last interglacial, and environment undergone alternations from warm semi-humid forest steppe, temperate-humid shrub steppe, semi-arid steppe and dry-cold steppe, desert steppe to desert.

地层沉积相及粒度、磁化率、化学元素、孢粉和古脊椎动物化石等气候代用指标的测试分析，揭示了研究区末次间冰期以来气候有过多次干冷、暖湿波动，曾经历了干冷的干旱荒漠、干旱荒漠草原、半干旱干草原、温湿灌丛草原或疏林草原、温暖半湿润森林草原气候环境的交替变化。

The paleochannel-Ⅱ might form during the Holocene Optimal period.

古河道-Ⅴ形成于风沙-Ⅱ和Ⅲ期形成之前，可能是末次冰期之前，即中更新世或更早，这时河流能够进入古松辽大湖；古河道-Ⅳ形成于风沙-Ⅱ和Ⅲ期形成之时，可能是末次冰期时期，这时河流与松辽大湖萎缩，规模减小，河流已不能进入松辽大湖，而是消失在沙地之中；古河道-Ⅲ形成于风沙-Ⅱ和Ⅲ期形成之后，可能是末次冰期末期的冰消期，这时气温升高，大量的冰雪融水进入河流，促使河水漫流，流入沙垅垅间洼地，开始造成古西拉木伦河、古老哈河与教来河水文网之间的相互联系；古河道-Ⅱ形成于全新世适宜期时期，统一的西辽河形成，伴随气候变化，出现多次风沙进退，对应于风沙-Ⅰ期；河道-Ⅰ是现在，同属于风沙-Ⅰ期，活动沙地集中在翁牛特等地。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。