问题的

This kind of learning modality can be traced to the medical education in America in the middle of 1950s.

接着，论述了在基于问题的学习中运用信息技术的必要性，并介绍了基于问题的学习中所运用到的具体信息技术种类，由此，把信息技术与基于问题学习整合起来。

Finding the most cost-effective way to ship goods between a set of factories and a set of stores defines a network flow problem, as do resource-allocation problems in communications networks and a variety of scheduling problems.

找到最符合成本效益的方式之间运送货物的一系列工厂和商店的一套定义了网络流问题，因为这样做资源分配问题的通信网络和各种调度问题。

Thirdly, by the analysis on nonstandard morality problems in the network communication, the author comes out ethic diversity, technology adoration, law vacancy and the influences of the post-modern times thoughts are the main rootstock factors. Also in this section the writer expounds nonstandard morality is a kind of reflect of various problems of human community.

再次，通过对网络交往中各种道德失范问题的分析，指出伦理差异、技术崇拜、法律真空及后现代思想的影响是其泛滥的主要根源，以及网络交往中道德失范问题泛滥是人类现实社会中各种问题的反映。

Based on this, a new WENO difference scheme which based on Dispersion-Relation-Preserving relation is developed, and representative test cases with this scheme for computational aeroacoustics problems has been implemented and compared in order to test capability of wave capturing; In addition, WENO schemes generally do not converge at high order in the presence of contact discontinuity of Euler equations, so a conservative front tracking technique coupling WENO schemes and Level Set method to simulate the translating density profile is presented here, and numerical simulation with this technique for representative test case has been implemented and results show the desired accuracy.

本文研究了高阶精度加权基本无振荡格式及其在双曲守恒律方程中的应用，在此基础上作了两个方面的工作：一是针对高频声波问题构造出一种基于保色散关系的WENO有限差分格式，并对计算气动声学问题的代表性算例进行了大量数值实验，比较了该格式捕捉波数的能力；另外，针对高阶WENO格式在处理Euler方程的接触间断时精度有所降低的问题，研究了利用界面追踪技术Level Set方法和高阶激波捕捉WENO格式相结合的一种守恒追踪方法，并且给出有代表性的密度滑移面问题的算例，得到一致高阶精度的数值模拟结果。

The algorithm has following properties: Although the merit function has the form of least squares of a system of overdetermined equations, in the Newton equation of our algorithm, only the coefficient matrix of the system of overdetermined equations is used instead of its product as in Guass-Newton method for solving the least squares problems. That is, our Newton method is more like that for the system of nonlinear equations rather than that for LSPs. The global convergence is obtained for VLCP with vertical block P_0 + R_0 matrix; The local quadratic convergence rate is proved under the condition that the solution is BD-regular; Although there is only a Newton equation in our algorithm, the finite convergence property can be shown if matrix is vertical block P— matrix (without the hypotheses of strict complementarity).

该算法具有下列特点：所构造的价值函数虽然具有超定方程组的最小二乘问题的形式，但在基此建立的Newton算法中，其Newton方程的形式更象非线性方程组的Newton法中的Newton方程，仅利用了超定方程组的系数矩阵本身的信息，避免了一般最小二乘问题的Guass-Newton法中必须计算系数矩阵的乘积的工作量；对竖块P_0+R_0矩阵的垂直线性互补问题，算法具有全局收敛性；在解是BD-正则条件下，证明了算法的局部二次收敛性；虽然算法只含一个Newton方程，但对竖块P-矩阵垂直线性互补问题，算法具有有限步收敛性。

On it. If you make it the focus of your career, that would be phenomenal.

一个复杂的问题，一个有关于人类深刻的不平等的问题，然后你们要变成这个问题的专家。

On the other hand,剩男 problem also appears in kindergarten and primary of male to female ratio has the status of a serious imbalance, the ratio of more than 115: 100 issues of the picket line,剩女 followed by 剩男 after the problem from occurring.

而在另一方面，剩男问题也将出现，目前在幼儿园和小学的男女比例已经出现严重失调的状态，比例超过115：100的警戒线，剩女问题之后将紧接着是剩男问题的出现。

In the symplectic system of plane elasticity in rectangular coordinates, by separating variables and abandoning the homogeneous boundary condition, the symplectic solution of a rectangular beam subjected to distributed load in a power function form is obtained.

在弹性力学平面直角坐标辛体系中，采用分离变量法，放弃齐次边界条件，得到了矩形梁侧边受幂函数形式分布荷载问题的辛解答，给出了这类问题在辛体系中的一般解法，分别对矩形梁受法向和切向分布荷载的问题进行了求解，显示了此方法的有效性。

Vesic's solutions to cavity expansion that include cylindrical cavity expansion and spherical cavity expansion are introduced. Then cylindrical cavity expansion theory is applied to study compaction effect of pile driving in saturated soil. Based on the results of conventional triaxial tests, a trilinear curve model is used to simulate stress-strain curve of strain-softening materials. Meanwhile, trilinear curves are also used to simulate curves of volumetric strain, minor principal strain and major principal strain. By using elasto-plastic theory, analytical solutions to cylindrical cavity expansion in strain-softening soil are presented. According to the mechanism of statically pressed pile driving, compaction effect of pile tip can be viewed as hemispheric cavity expansion. Therefore spherical cavity expansion theory is applied to obtain the solutions to stress, strain, displacement fields and final pressure. Resistance force of pile tip is calculated to estimate static pressure.

介绍了Vesic关于圆孔扩张问题的解答，其中包括柱形孔扩张问题和球形孔扩张问题，并应用柱形孔扩张理论分析了饱和软土中的沉桩挤土效应问题；在常规三轴试验成果的基础上，采用三折线模型模拟具有应变软化性质的岩土材料的应力应变关系曲线，分析了在应变软化土体中沉桩时桩周土的位移场、应力场和应变场的变化，得到了解析解答；分析了静压桩的沉桩机理，并利用球形孔扩张理论，视桩端处的挤土为半个球形孔的扩张，分析了桩端处土的位移场、应力场和应变场的变化，并根据最终扩张压力计算出沉桩时的桩端阻力，可作为压桩力的估算。

The projection gradient method will be a possible way to solve the problem that we just get. It has been shown that the projections of the every directions, of which is the boundary point in linear restraint problems, are the possible decent directions, and the projection of negative grads direction is a decent direction. In 1960, Rosen proposed the basic idea of projection gradient methods, and then lots of researchers have been tried to find the convergence of this method. But most of them get the convergence with the condition to amend the convergence itself.

在约束最优化问题的算法中怎样寻找有效的下降方向是构造算法的重要内容，在寻找下降方向方面可行方向法中的投影梯度法有效的解决了下降方向的寻找问题，利用线性约束问题边界点的任意方向在边界上的投影都是可行方向，而负梯度方向的投影就是一个下降方向。60年代初Rosen提出投影梯度法的基本思想，自从Rosen提出该方法以后，对它的收敛性问题不少人进行了研究，但一般都是对算法作出某些修正后才能证明其收敛的，直到最近对Rosen算法本身的收敛性的证明才予以解决。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。