问题求解

The Frechet derivative of the cost function is determined via the solution of an adjoint partial differential equation, and the boundary shape is then modified in a direction of descent. This process is repeated until an optimum solution is approached. The advantage is that the cost function variation is independent of the flow field variation, with the result that the gradient of cost function with respect to arbitrary number of design variables can be determined without the need for additional flow-field evaluations. So each design cycle requires the numerical solution of both the flow and the adjoint equations leading to a computational cost roughly equal to the cost of two flow solutions.

虽然他们的研究成果大多数都可以在公开性文献上看到，但是其中一些具体的细节问题的处理方法却没有透露，比如：伴随方程如何离散求解才能减小最终梯度计算中的误差，使得设计过程有效地进行；伴随方程与流动方程的边界条件是不同的，如何合理地处理伴随方程的边界条件，才能推动设计过程朝着设计目标而发展；在减阻问题中目标函数如何定义，求解梯度的具体数学公式如何推导，如何通过数值方法来实现它们等。

By introducing a smooth merit function for linear inequalities system problem, the problem was equivalently reformulated as an unconstraint optimization problem.

通过引入线性不等式组问题的一类光滑价值函数，将其求解问题等价地转化为无约束优化问题的求解。

In this paper, method of weighted mean of optimum order of multi-objective decision problem is popularized, and a solving method of multi-objective decision problem in Fuzzy environment under undeterminable circumstance is proposed.

本文推广了多目标决策问题的优序法，提出了状态不能确定的情况下的目标决策问题的求解方法，重点研究了系统状态是一个模糊集时求解多目标决策问题的均值优序法。

In the chapter 2, based on elastic mechanics and variation principle, the fundamental and process of static and dynamic FEM is presented, placing special emphasis on the modal superposition method.

第二章根据弹性力学和变分原理，系统总结了有限元法求解静力学、动力学问题(包括特征值、动力响应问题等)的基本原理和步骤，并重点对模态叠加法求解动力，响应问题作了阐述。

The example and implementation of the algorithm are also provided.Thirdly, with respect to DVSPPD (Dynamic Vehicle Scheduling Problem withPick-up and Delivery), we build the mathematical model and exploit the corresponding two-phase algorithm. In addition, we consider the problem of combinable tasks, and design a strategy based on grouping policy to solve it.

对动态集送货一体化问题，本文也构建了相应的数学模型，并设计了两阶段的求解算法，并在随后对可拼装的动态集送货一体化问题，本文以分组策略为基础，详细设计了问题的求解策略。

In Chapter 2, we consider the error bound and the auxiliary problem algorithm for the generalized linear complementarity problem over a polyhedral cone: First, we give an absolute and a relative global error bound for GLCP and nondegenerate GLCP, respectively, and then we explore the properties of the solution set of the problem, based on which we establish another absolute and relative error bound for GLCP which is much exacter compared with the result above.

第二章主要研究了闭凸锥上广义线性互补问题的误差界及基于其上的一个求解GLCP的辅助问题算法：(1)给出了GLCP的全局绝对误差界和在有非退化解时的全局绝对误差界及其相对误差界；(2)对GLCP的解集结构进行了探讨，并利用得到的结果给出了GLCP的另一个全局绝对误差界和相对误差界估计；(3)我们提出了一个求解GLCP的辅助问题算法，并证明在适当条件下该算法具有全局收敛性。

It can not only solve the multi-domain problems of orthotropic media and the issue composed of isotropic media and orthotropic media, but also revertively solve the multi-domain problems of isotropic media.

提出的数值思想具有较好的通用性，其不但能求解正交各向异性材料的多域组合问题及正交各向异性材料与各向同性材料的结合体问题，而且也能蜕化求解各向同性材料的多域组合问题。

In the second chapter, we show a Log-Barrier method with Benders decomposition for solving two-stage linear stochastic programming, and then we solve the problem with KKT condition of the sub-problem.

第二章，给出了求解一类二阶段随机线性规划问题的基于分解的对数障碍函数方法，利用Bender方法将原问题分解，然后通过子问题的KKT条件求解。

To improve the accuracy of cabin crew scheduling, we present a new solution model that integrates the crew pairing problem and the crew rostering problem into one stage, conducts the scheduling by leg, and searches for the global optimal solution. Referring to the objectives and constraints of Taiwan's airline business, we decide the levels of parameters via the design of experiment and then apply the genetic algorithm to solve the concerned problems.

过去受限於电脑速慢与空服员排班问题复杂性，传统上分成组员勤务组合产生与组员指派阶段求解空服员排班问题，导致人员指派效果佳，且因短程航线问题特性造成排班单位过大，指派，因此本研究考台湾航空业实务运作之限制，将组员勤务组合产生与组员指派阶段整合为一阶段求解，建一个以「航段」为排班基础之最佳空服员排班整合模式，以提升排班接续性和人员用。

After nearly 40 years of development, the genetic algorithm in the theoretical study and practical application was a great success, this paper genetic algorithm for solving the course timetabling problem, first discussed the impact of factors in the course arrangement, the main constraints, to solve goals and difficulties, and a complete mathematical model to describe the course arrangement.

经过近40年的发展，遗传算法在理论研究和实际应用中取得了巨大的成功，本文将遗传算法用于排课问题的求解，首先讨论了排课问题中的影响因素、主要约束条件、求解目标和难点，并用数学模型完整地描述了排课问题。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷