闭经

The synthetic route starts from penicillin G, peroxyacetic acid(8.5%) as Oxidizing Agent to get penicillin G sulfoxide; esterifided with p-nitrobenzyl bromine to synthesize penicillin G sulfoxide ester; we synthesize 3-exomethylenecepham sulfoxide ester with phthalimide potassium and 4A molecular sieve as acid scavenger to open the ring, SnCl_4 as catalyzation to close the ring. The yield is over 60%.

本研究采用的合成路线为：以青霉素G钾盐为原料，选用工业过氧化氢制备的过氧乙酸(22.3%)稀释至8.5%为氧化剂，氧化得青霉素亚砜；采用对硝基溴苄为酯化试剂，制备青霉素亚砜酯；以NCP(N-氯代邻苯二甲酰亚胺)为开环试剂，酞酰亚胺钾和4A型分子筛为酸清除剂，顺利开环；再经无水SnCl_4催化闭环得3-环外亚甲基头孢亚砜酯，最终产率在60%以上。

The effects between Transobturator and Retropubic mid-urethral sling are similar.

经闭孔通路和传统的耻骨后通路对尿失禁的治疗效果是相似的。

This minimally invasive surgical procedure by left subaxillary small incision in the treatment of PDA is safe and effective.

术前病例选择合理，经左腋窝小切口手术治疗先天性心脏病动脉导管未闭是一种安全、经济、有效的微创手术方法。

This minimally invasive surgical procedure by left subaxillary small incision in the treatment of PDA is safe and effective.

结论术 病例选择合理，经左腋窝小切口手术治疗先天性心脏病动脉导管未闭是安全、经济、有效的微创手术方法。

Abstract］ Objective To study the clinical value of minimally invasive surgical procedure by left subaxillary small incision in the treatment of PDA.

目的 探讨经左腋窝小切口手术治疗先天性心脏病动脉导管未闭的手术方法及适应证。

Abstract］ Objective To study the clinical value of minimally invasive surgical procedure by left subaxillary small incision in the treatment of PDA.

作者：李小波，赵敏，何江，高辉，潘良彬，朱峰目的探讨经左腋窝小切口手术治疗先天性心脏病动脉导管未闭的手术方法及适应证

Methods Surgical closure of the ductus by multiple ligature with left subaxillary small incision in 79 cases and analyzed the surgical procedure and clinical value.

作者：李小波，赵敏，何江，高辉，潘良彬，朱峰目的探讨经左腋窝小切口手术治疗先天性心脏病动脉导管未闭的手术方法及适应证。

Objective:To observe the effect of tension-free trans-obturator suburethral tapeto treat stress urinary incontinencein the follow-up of two years.

目的：探讨经闭孔无张力尿道中段悬吊术在减少围手术期并发症的同时，是否会降低其远期疗效。

Tension-free trans-obturator suburethral tape; Female ; Stress urinary incontinence

经闭孔无张力尿道中段悬吊术；女性；压力性尿失禁

The street doors of the houses are still closed, like stingy purses, and the night watchmen sporting shiny new gold braid on their caps look suspiciously at the traveler as he goes by on his way to the station with his knapsack on his back and his unworried, almost slouching walk.

街道两边门户依然紧闭，就像吝啬鬼的钱包。当他经过时，巡夜的警卫在街上巡逻，饰有金穗的帽子闪闪发光，怀疑地盯着过往的行人。而他正背着个背包走向车站，步伐缓慢，可以说有气无力。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。