闭孔神经

BACKGROUND: Both femoral and obturator nerve blocks have beensuggested to be useful in relieving pain after total knee arthroplasty.

背景：股神经和闭孔神经阻滞在缓解膝关节成形术后疼痛方面都已被认为是有用的。

Only one (5%) patient with femoralblock developed obturator motor block.

仅有一例股神经阻滞患者出现闭孔神经阻滞。

We conclude from this anatomical study that successfulparasacral injection consistently spreads to the pelvic portionof the obturator nerve and to the sacral roots.

我们从这个解剖学研究中得到结论，成功的骶骨旁注射同样扩散到闭孔神经的骨盆部分和骶神经根。

One was intravascular and twoin the gluteal muscles were too superficial. Of the 11 successfulinjections, 9 (82%) were scored as providing the spread of latexto both the obturator nerve and to the sacral roots.

一个血管内注射，两个注射在臀肌内的是太表浅了。11个成功的注射中，9个(82%)的评分证明乳剂扩散到闭孔神经和骶神经根。

Objective: To investigate the effect of obturator nerve blockade guided by peripheral nerve stimulator combined with lower epidural blockade in patients with bladder tumor adjacent to the ureteral orifice.

目的：观察神经刺激仪引导定位闭孔神经阻滞复合低位硬膜外麻醉用于输尿管开口周围的膀胱肿瘤患者经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术的麻醉效果。

METHODS: Sixty patients undergoing elective unilateral TKAunder spinal anesthesia received in a randomized, double-blindmanner a femoral, obturator, or sham nerve block at the endof surgery.

60名在脊麻下择期行单侧膝关节成形术的患者，在手术结束后接受随机双盲的股神经阻滞或闭孔神经阻滞或未作神经阻滞的临床研究。

Methods: One thousand and one hundred patients with bladder tumors adjacent to the ureteral orifice who experienced obturator nerve blockade guided by PNS were randomly divided into group A guided by peripheral nerve stimulator and group B with anatomic positioning with 550 cases in each group.

膀胱肿瘤位于输尿管开口周围(0.5~2cm)患者1100例，随机分为A组（神经刺激仪引导定位下闭孔神经阻滞）和B组（传统解剖标志定位下闭孔神经阻滞）各550例。

The use of PNS can accurately allocated the site of obturator nerve, removing anatomic variation, and raising the succeeding ratio of blockade. The ratio of translation laparotomy was remarkably decreased, and it was benefit to patients' recovery.

神经刺激仪引导可精确定位闭孔神经位置，排除发育变异，使闭孔神经阻滞更加准确，效果更加完善，降低中继开腹手术率，利于患者早日康复。

Results In healthy subjects, L2-L5 nerves were displayed clearly by MRN, with a round or ellipse ganglion of 3-6 mm in diameter, and smooth stick-like nerve root and trunk, 2-5 mm in diameter. The signal intensity was higher in ganglion than nerve root or trunk. 40% of nerve root sheath was surrounded by small amount of cerebrospinal fluid, Femoral nerve was displayed in all subjects, while only 83.3% of obturator nerve and 43.3% of lumbosacral trunk were manifested. Lamellar blurred hyper-signal intensity was seen around 80.9% of lumbar plexus in GBS, but none in CIDP.

结果 正常组MRN可清晰显示腰2~5神经的走行，神经节呈圆或椭圆形膨大，大小约为3~6mm，神经根及干呈条状、边缘光滑，大小约为2~5mm、神经节信号高于神经根和干，40%的神经根鞘有少量脑脊液，股神经、闭孔神经、腰骶干的显示率分别为100%、83.3%、43.3%。80.9%的GBS腰丛神经周围有片状模糊高信号，神经根和节大小和信号无明显改变，25%神经干增粗，50%的神经干信号增高，边缘模糊。

In control group, obturator nerve controlling right gracilis was cut off. In in situ implantation group, the right gracilis was cut off and replanted to its original site, and the obturator nerve was implanted to the muscle. In ectopic transplantation group, the right gracilis was cut off and transplanted to the muscle of the left leg, and the obturator nerve was implanted to the muscle.

对照组：切断支配右侧股薄肌的闭孔神经，造成肌肉失神经支配；原位再植组：切取右侧股薄肌，再回植于原位，闭孔神经植入肌肉；异位移植寄养组：切取右侧股薄肌，移植寄养于左侧股部，闭孔神经植入肌肉。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐