闭合误差

Distributing control point used of straight closed traverse and using of distance measurement polar coordinates and near distance high degree level measuring method to do deformation measuring for the plugging water curtain wall.

用直伸闭合导线布设控制点，以测距极坐标和近距高等级水准测量方法对堵水帷幕墙进行变形测量，有利于提高观测精度，能消除横向误差对监测点位精度的影响，精度及效果较

In the process of sequence matching the errors are accumulated. In order to eliminate them, the global error distributing method is proposed based on the wire cloth station foundation. In addition, in order to delete the redundant data and simplify model, the paper proposes the data integration method based on the deleting redundant data on the spatial division in the overlap region.

在序列拼接过程中会产生累积误差，为了消除累积误差，本文提出了基于闭合导线条件的整体误差分配计算方法；此外，为了减少冗余数据、精简建模数据，本文对于拼接后的满足精度的点云数据，提出了在重叠区域先进行空间划分再删除冗余点的数据融合方法并加以验证。

The paper also discusses how to properly determine the tolerance of the longitudinal and lateral closure for the CPⅢ network by analog calculation to realize effective inspection in detecting the gross errors of field measurement in the CPⅢ network with the method of closure, then eliminates and resurveys field measurement with gross errors to improve the precision and strengthen reliability of the CPⅢ network.

通过模拟计算，确定了CPⅢ网纵横向闭合差极限误差的建议值，并据此进行CPⅢ网外业观测数据中是否含有粗差的检核。剔除并重测含有粗差的外业观测数据，可以有效提高CPⅢ网的可靠性和精度。

The paper analyses the teaching of Engineering Survey,describes the basic concepts of error including the definitions of accident error and closure ,and finally provides examples for teaching.

主要分析了工程测量教学中误差基本概念的应用，描述了偶然误差和闭合差等概念，举出了教学中的一些例子。

Voltage Regulator how to debug In the right tractor generator regulator adjustment, using the battery and battery in series to adjust the voltage and the voltage regulator close values, adjusted voltage and voltage error of closure are in 0.5-1 volts.

在对拖拉机发电机调节器的调整中，采用于电池与蓄电池串联来调整调节器闭合电压与调压值，调整后的闭合电压和调压值误差都在0.5－1伏特。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。