长牙

Child's deciduous teeth in the 2-year-old half-a-chai, to 6-year-old, in the final after a deciduous, up and down about a total of four laniary grow, this is the first eruption, the use of the oldest permanent teeth, which four of six age of teeth will not change.

孩子的乳牙在2岁半出齐，到6岁左右，在最后一颗乳牙后面，上下左右共长出四个大牙，这是萌出最早、使用最久的恒牙，这四颗六龄牙以后不会再换。

objective: to evaluate the clinical application of helical ct for the location or treatment of maxilla embedded tooth in the dental orthopaedics.method: 18 cases with embedded tooth of maxilla were made with clinical examination, dentomaxillary pantomography, submaxilla lateral projection and helical ct.the operation be done for supernumerary tooth,distorted teeth,inverted tooth.three embedded tooth of non-inverted tooth were done by orthopaedics.result: among the 18 embedded tooth ,there were 11 palatally and 6 labially presented teeth,1 the 18 patients is mediately with completely inverted supernumerary tooth.all preoperative assessment are one and all in operative or orthopaedics and primary wound healing.

四川大学华西口腔医学院正畸科，四川成都 610041摘要：目的：正畸治疗中对上颌埋伏牙如何定性，定位，并要对此是采取手术拔除［1］或者是正畸治疗进行探讨。方法：对18例（其中1例为2颗多生牙，1颗多生牙已长出，另一颗为完全倒置的多生牙），上颌前部埋伏牙采用临床检查以及拍摄全景片、头侧位片螺旋ct轴位和表面成像等检查［2～4］对埋伏的多生牙、畸形牙和倒置牙共15例采用了相应的手术进路拔除，对形态正常且不倒置的3颗埋伏牙采用了正畸治疗。

Methods Nineteen bone impacted and unerupted teeth in 18 cases selected by orthopantomograph were scanned by 3DX-CT with 1.0 mm slice thickness. Images obtained by 3DX-CT (horizontally, sagittally, coronally) were analyzed after multi-plane reconstruction and 3D reconstruction including the angle of the bone axis impacted and unerupted teeth; maximum radius of the coronal teeth; distances between the tooth and the cortical bone around; distances to the neighboring tooth roots and nerve forum canal; the thickness of the bone tissue, etc.

对经曲面断层片筛选出的18例19枚埋伏牙进行牙科三维CT检查，扫描层厚1.0mm，重建后进行图像三维断面显示（包括水平位，矢状位，冠状位），对牙位图像进行分析及测量（包括埋伏牙牙长轴的角度，牙根弯曲度，牙冠的最大径，与骨皮质的距离，与邻牙根、神经孔／管的距离；骨质的厚度、高度等）。

Upper central incisors moved forward and downward together with maxillary, at the same time they upright in the sagittal plane and tip mesially. 3 The occlusion plane rotated clockwise for about 1.5°. 4 The width increasement effect of RME comes from approximately the equal amounts of skeletal and dental expansion. The mode of dental movement was a combination of body and tipping movements of posterior teeth.

结果：1后牙在宽度方向上为整体移动和倾斜移动相结合的移动方式，但第一磨牙和第一双尖牙稍有差别；牙齿和骨对宽度增加的贡献各占约1/2；2后牙在垂直方向有伸长的趋势；3第一磨牙和第一双尖牙均向前整体移动，轴倾度保持不变；4中切牙整体随上颌骨前部向前向下移动，其牙长轴发生直立，轴倾度增加；5上颌平面发生顺时针旋转。

In pendulum appliance group: the velocity of maxillary first molar distalizing was 0.8mm per month, distal tipping 12.6°,buccal move 0.5mm, horizontal rotation 2.8°; maxillary central incisor move mesially 0.5mm. Conclusion Two methods successfully distalized maxillary molars to appropriate positions.

钟摆矫治器组上颌第一磨牙平均远中移动3.5mm，疗程4.2个月，平均移动速度0.8mm/月；磨牙长轴向远中倾斜角度12.6°；磨牙颊向移位0.5mm；磨牙发生远中舌向水平旋转约2.8°；上颌中切牙切端向远中移动0.5mm。

Both upper and lower dental study models were collected from 30 boys (12 years old) and 30 girls (12 years old) with acceptable normal occlusion to understand the characteristics of the crown size, dental arch width and length such as (1) mesiodistal diameters of crown size from central incisor to first molar,(2) the width and length of dental arch and basal arch and (3) the morphology of dental arch form. After statistical analysis, data were compared with Japanese, Central and South American Indians and North American Caucasians from papers. The results were:(1) There was no statistical difference in teeth size between males and females, except the upper first molar of males was larger than that of females, lower central incisor of males was smaller than that of females.(2) The dimensions of dental arch of males were larger than that of females in general, especially such items as width and length of basal arch.(3) The crown size of Chinese male was in generally smaller than that of four other races, especially the upper canine, lower central incisor and first molar.

为了解住在台湾的中国人其牙齿的大小，齿列弓幅径及形态，为齿科人类学上的特微，以期能对儿童牙科，齿颚矫正科之临床及齿科基础医学能有所贡献，抽取12岁学童男女各30名共60名，可接受为正常咬合之上下颚齿列模型，测量其上下颚(1)左侧正中门牙到第一大臼齿共计12颗恒牙之牙冠近远心径，(2)齿列弓宽径、长径及齿槽基底宽径、长径，(3)齿列弓之形态，以上资料经统计分析作t-test检定，并与诸学者对日本人、北美白人、中美及南美印第安人人种的研究结果作检讨得知；(1)男女性恒牙的近远心径无明显差异，但男性上颚第大臼齿比女性者大，下颚正中门牙比女性者小；(2)男性的齿列弓幅径比女性者为大，尤以齿槽基底宽径及长径最显著；(3)国人男子的牙齿近远心径比其他四人种者为小，特别是国人的上颚犬齿，下颚正中门牙及第一大臼齿最小。

The length of mandibular dental arch is controlled under weak genetic factors. Both maxillary and mandibular crowding are influenced by the environmental factors.

上下颌牙量大小和上颌牙弓弧长受较强遗传控制，下颌牙弓弧长受弱遗传控制，恒牙列拥挤度遗传度很低，受环境因素影响较大。

Secondly, the incisors grow faster, then the beginning of next to no longer permanent, in the "free" environment will, of course, a large growth, but within the next two years to grow permanent incisors on the natural limits; the most important point is that "parents feel that the incisors are the wrong impression", after the permanent teeth will not grow up stereotypes, so on the child's little face, mouth does not match, it appears to "Super", as the children grow up day by day face, bone development, facial development, such as children and adults will face the size of incisors is coordination of the match,"So we say that time will the children from 'ugly duckling' change 'Swan'."

其次，门牙长得快，这时旁边的恒牙都没开始长，在&无拘无束&的环境下当然会生长得大一点，但两年内旁边恒牙长出就自然限制了门牙；最重要的一点是，&觉得门牙大都是家长的错觉&，恒牙定型后不会再长大，所以放在孩子的小脸、小嘴中不匹配，才显得&超级大&，随着孩子脸形一天天长大，骨头发育、面部发展，等孩子成年时门牙就会和脸形大小十分协调、般配了，&所以我们说时间会让孩子由'丑小鸭'变'天鹅'&。

Baby teething can be to stimulate the distribution of the trigeminal nerve in the face, so that increase in saliva secretion.

孩子长牙时可刺激分布于面部的三叉神经，使唾液分泌增加。

May be the common cold, is not likely caused by long teeth.

有可能是普通感冒，不太可能是长牙引起的。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。