长期记忆

Scientists have only a vague understanding of this remarkable transition ,when our sense of time expands beyond this morning's feeding and last week's bath,but now they know a bit more:Conor Liston of Harvard University has determined that the beginnings of long--term recall arise between the ninth and the 17th month of a baby's life,coinciding with structural change in the memory--processing regions of the brain.

当我们的时间意识超越了早上的喂饭和上周的洗澡时，科学家们对于这个显著的转变只有模糊的理解，但是现在他们知道的多了一点，Conor Liston of Harvard University 已经断定长期记忆的开始于一个人的第九周至十七周之间，并且伴随着大脑的记忆过程区域的结构性变化。

As we know memory can be divided into the short-term memory and long-term memory.

如我们所知道的记忆可分为长期记忆和短期记忆。

Long-term memory is different from short-term memory.

长期记忆和短期的记忆不同。

He had lost most of his long-term memory, and it occurred to Lowry that without memory there is no longer any pain.

他已经失去他的大部分长期记忆，它发生在记忆里，没有不再有任何疼痛。

That of CA1 is for conjugating them to form a single memory and the neocortex is the site for long term memory.

而CA_1的作用是将它们结成一个单一的记忆，而大脑皮层则是长期记忆的部位。

Piomelli and McGaugh discovered that OEA also causes memory consolidation, the process by which superficial, short-term memories are transformed into meaningful, long-term ones.

Piomelli和McGaugh发现，OEA也促使记忆巩固，这一过程表面上看，是将短期记忆转化为有意义的，长期记忆。

The call developmental process of Psittacula agapornis consists of five instinct phases according to its call character. In the first phase （congenital cal1 phase, CCP, 0~12 day of age）, the juveniles only produce single syllable with short syllable length. The second phase（blank-model-forming phase,BMFP, 13~30 day of age） is important for formation of vocal learning pathways. During this phase, the calls characterized by more and longer syllables. In the third phase （call-model-forming phase,CMFP, 31~45 day of age）, the call development is guided by a model system for vocal learning, vocal learning is engendered so that some calls with multi-syllables with UP1 are produced, principal frequency has increased about by 920 cent, the number of note is double that of second phase. The short-term memories are transformed into long-term memories in the forth phase （call-feedback-learning phase,CFLP, 46~90 day of age）. The call of juveniles is a close match to tutor call which accompanied by double various sounds with BS and UP1, and more resonance components were formed. Second principal frequency has increased about by 970 cent, the number of note increases by 2.6~3.0 times. During the fifth phase （excellent call phase,ECP, after 91 d）, vocal motor pathway is developed and the calls are accompanied with most stable, harmonious vari-tone and complex repertoire.

牡丹鹦鹉的鸣声发育分为5个时期。0~12 d为先天性鸣声期，鸣声特征为以基本音为主音的单音节单音调声，声长短。13~30 d为空白模板形成期，鸣声特征为以基本音为主音的多音节单音调声，声长和音量显著性增加，表明发声学习通路开始形成。31~45 d为鸣声模板形成期，鸣声特征为以第1陪音（UP1）为主音的多音节单变调声，声长和音量显著性增加，主音频提升约920音分，涵盖的律音数增加1倍，表明发声学习模板逐渐形成，发声学习开始。46~90 d为鸣声反馈学习期，鸣声特征为以BS和UP1为主音的双变调声，声长和音量显著性增加，主音频涵盖的律音数增加2.6~3.0倍，第2主音频提升约970音分，表明稳定模板逐渐形成，短期记忆逐渐向长期记忆转化。91 d后为完美鸣声期，鸣声特征为以UP1为主音的复合变音调声，声长、音量、主音频的提升和涵盖的律音数都趋于平稳，鸣声稳定而和谐，表明发声运动通路基本形成。

Maher hit upon the beneficial effects of fisetin when she screened a collection of flavonoids, substances with anti-oxidant activities found in many plants, for their neuroprotective abilities in tissue culture models of neurodegenerative disease.

通过实验观察到，非瑟酮对健康实验鼠的神经细胞的生长，增强记忆有保护和促进作用。Maher说：&这是中央神经系统分子水平的自然物质的作用首次被发现，而且表明能增强LTP和长期记忆。&

It is well known that the vocabulary of English word is very large, so if learners just recite every word independently, they cannot keep their memory long. In order to keep the memory of word effectively and firmly, one should grasp the basic word-building elements, and then recite the word systemically and relationally according to its relationship with other words and its own pronunciation, form and meaning. It is also necessary to grasp the rule of the words' change and transform in every aspects, turn rote reciting into comprehension reciting, singleness reciting into colony reciting, stiffness reciting into agility reciting.

英语词汇数量之多是众所周知的，而彼此孤立的词是难保持长期记忆的，所以要更有效地、更牢固地记忆单词，只有抓住其基本构词成分，根据每个词的音，形，义及其与其他词之间的诸多联系进行有系统地、有联系地记忆，掌握英语词汇在各方面变化和转化的规律，化机械记忆为理解记忆，化单个记忆为群体记忆，化呆板记忆为灵活记忆。

Non-part-by-part sketches arise through cognitive uncertainty and that sketches can both provide and assist its resolution, thereby contributing to reasoning about the function and structure of externalised objects.

此认知之不确定，肇因於记忆中对该物体几何外观或功能意义资讯缺乏，而无法完成该次组件之绘制；但因为对该物体认知之不确定，可能会促进设计师更深入长期记忆中搜寻各种可能之意义，并透过与已绘之图面互动，完成物体之绘制。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失