长弓

There is a small action range in archery.Simple methods and analysis is inadequate,so the author,on the basis of testing the archery athletes in national team with the Qualisisy infrared photoelectric testing system,Footscan sole pressure testing system,Noraxon myoelectricity remote testing system, etc,analyzes comprehensively the action technique of the athletes in national team from the posture,body motion characteristics,body posture equilibrium and stability,distribution of centre sole pressure, myoelectricity characteristics,etc,with the methods of relative software and data statistics.The conclusions and the suggestions are as follows:Conclusion:Firstly,the communality of posture angle,muscle strength,the activation order of main muscle during raising the bow, raising the bow and the timing of the raising could be used as the evaluation index of technique action in archery;Secondly,the length of the time needed in the different periods couldn\'t be used as technique evaluation index since it has no relation with the result.But the time of raising and pulling back the row is relatively fixed,and the time has a positive relation with the archery achievement of the national team in China.Thirdly,the central index of the sole pressure could be used as the reference criterion of selecting athletes and forecasting achievement.During playing archery,the interrelation between the central index of the sole pressure and the achievement is different individually and in different periods.Fourthly,there is low stability of the archery athletes in the front and back direction during the action, caused by the athletes\' posture disequilibrium of dorsal abdominal muscle and non-professional sport shoes..Fifthly,kinematics and electromyography shows that the people on archery in China haven\'t taken the raising and pulling back the row seriously.

射箭的肢体动作幅度小，简单的手段和分析不能满足其需要，笔者结合各种运动生物力学仪器优点及射箭项目的特性，选用Qualisisy红外光点测试系统、Footscan足底压力测试系统、Noraxon肌电遥测系统等对国家队射箭队运动员进行多方位的测试，运用相关软件及数理统计方法，对运动员的射箭动作技术，从射箭动作的姿态构架、肢体运动特点，身体姿态平衡稳定性、足底压力中心分布、肌电特性等进行全面分析，结论及建议如下：结论：第一，姿态角、肌肉用力激活程度、举弓阶段主要用力肌肉激活顺序、举弓、开弓时间等的一致性可作为射箭技术动作评价指标；第二，各动作阶段所用时间的长短不能作为技术评价指标，但举、开弓的时间相对较固定，开举弓时间比与中国国家队射箭成绩正弱相关达到显著性；第三，闭眼状态下足底压力中心单位面积轨迹长与144支箭最好成绩正相关达到显著性，可作为身体素质、选材及成绩预测的参考依据；实射时身体平衡的足底压力中心指标与成绩的相关程度具有个体性差异、阶段性差异；第四，射箭运动员实射时身体在前后方向上的稳定性较差，这与运动员的站立姿态、腹背肌力量的不匹配以及射箭没有专业运动鞋有关；第五，运动学及肌电学都表明中国射箭训练对举弓、开弓阶段的重视不够，背部肌肉用力特征不明显，撒放技术合理性不高。

Thus, this is the advantage of the crossbow versus the bow.

这恰恰是弩对弓的优势之一，拉弓要用很大的力气，时间越长，越难控制瞄准的稳定。

Methods:Three-dimensional(3D) CT imaging reconstruction was performed in 200case of cervical spine without radicular symptom and injury.C_3-C_7 vertebral body horizontal diameter, sagittal diameter,high.vertebral gap.pedicle vertical diameter and horizontal diameter,coronary high,base long of vertebral uncus,space between vertebral uncus point.highness and width of intervertebral foramenand,transverse foramen,The CT data was transferred to a computer workstation,grouping with age and sex,statistical analysis.

材料与方法：选取200名不同年龄段无外伤、无神经症状和体征的受检者，进行多排螺旋CT薄层扫描，在计算机工作站上对获得图像进行多平面重建，获得相应截面图后，测量各相关指标，包括第3至第7颈椎(C_3-C_7)椎体横径、矢状径及高，椎体间隙，椎弓根的高与宽，冠状位钩突高度、钩突基底宽度、基底长、两侧钩突尖间距及基底长径角度，椎间孔高和宽，横突孔长和宽。按性别、年龄分组进行统计学分析。

Both upper and lower dental study models were collected from 30 boys (12 years old) and 30 girls (12 years old) with acceptable normal occlusion to understand the characteristics of the crown size, dental arch width and length such as (1) mesiodistal diameters of crown size from central incisor to first molar,(2) the width and length of dental arch and basal arch and (3) the morphology of dental arch form. After statistical analysis, data were compared with Japanese, Central and South American Indians and North American Caucasians from papers. The results were:(1) There was no statistical difference in teeth size between males and females, except the upper first molar of males was larger than that of females, lower central incisor of males was smaller than that of females.(2) The dimensions of dental arch of males were larger than that of females in general, especially such items as width and length of basal arch.(3) The crown size of Chinese male was in generally smaller than that of four other races, especially the upper canine, lower central incisor and first molar.

为了解住在台湾的中国人其牙齿的大小，齿列弓幅径及形态，为齿科人类学上的特微，以期能对儿童牙科，齿颚矫正科之临床及齿科基础医学能有所贡献，抽取12岁学童男女各30名共60名，可接受为正常咬合之上下颚齿列模型，测量其上下颚(1)左侧正中门牙到第一大臼齿共计12颗恒牙之牙冠近远心径，(2)齿列弓宽径、长径及齿槽基底宽径、长径，(3)齿列弓之形态，以上资料经统计分析作t-test检定，并与诸学者对日本人、北美白人、中美及南美印第安人人种的研究结果作检讨得知；(1)男女性恒牙的近远心径无明显差异，但男性上颚第大臼齿比女性者大，下颚正中门牙比女性者小；(2)男性的齿列弓幅径比女性者为大，尤以齿槽基底宽径及长径最显著；(3)国人男子的牙齿近远心径比其他四人种者为小，特别是国人的上颚犬齿，下颚正中门牙及第一大臼齿最小。

While for some indexes,such as length of medial longitudinal arch,length of lateral longitudinal arch,height of first metatarsophalangeal articulations,there is no longer changing with increasing load after adapting to a relatively lighter load.There is marked difference on the foot shapes between different items youth track man,especially for the throwers.Finally,five dimensions of foot morphological characteristics were found to establish the foot-shape-index-system,which are respectively metatarsophalangeal index,heel index,ankle index,arch of foot index and length of foot index,including 15 items.

更多载荷变化的影响；我国青年田径运动员的内侧纵弓长、外侧纵弓长、第一跖趾高、足背高、拇趾偏角、足跟面积等指标在一定载荷范围内变化明显，但超过承重范围则不再因载荷增大而变化；不同专项的青年田径运动员的足部外形指标间存在明显差异，以投掷项目运动员的差异最为突出；足长度指标、跖趾部指标、足弓部指标、足跟部指标、足踝部指标共15项内容为代表我国青年田径运动员足部外形特征的指标体系。

Spondylolysis were showed in sagittal images. Conclusion: The scan range were increased for the fourth lumbar to first sacroiliac interverteral disc and contained vertebral arch for conventional intervertebral disc. The spiral scanning were performed for lumbar spondyloschisis and with MPR along the direction of vertebral arch. The method is simple and useful for the patients suffered low-back pain.

对常规椎间盘扫描采用对L(下标 4~5)及L5~S1，椎间盘加大扫描范围，包括椎弓根层面的方法，对于轴位扫描发现或可疑峡部裂的患者再做相应椎体螺旋扫描，行平行于峡部的椎弓长轴多平面斜矢状面和矢状面重建，是腰腿痛病人CT检查的简单、实用的有效方法。

Results: Axial scanning including vertebral arch can show spondyloschisis and other signs. These contained widened or stenosis of the spinal canal, stenosis of he lateral recess, the double margin sign, deformity of the lateral recess, the double margin sign, deformity of the intervertebral disc, denegeration of the joint facet and thickening of the ligamentum flavum. Scotty dog sign were showed in images reconstructed along the direction of vertebralarch.

结果：包括椎弓根层而的轴位扫描均能显示峡部裂和其他伴发表现，包括椎管增大或变窄，侧隐窝狭窄、双边征、椎间盘变形、椎小关节退行性变和黄动心忍性韧带肥厚采用平行于峡部的椎弓长轴MPR、MIP斜矢状面重建能直观显示峡部裂的典型表现－猎狗项圈征，正中矢状面重建能显示椎体滑脱。

1 For Juniors and Women the bow will not be less than 150cm in length, for men the bow will be not less than 160cm in length – this length being measured between the string nocks.

9.3.1.4.1青少年组及女子组的弓长不得短于150厘米，男子组的弓长不得短于160厘米，这个长度是从上弦沟到下弦沟之间测量。

The length of mandibular dental arch is controlled under weak genetic factors. Both maxillary and mandibular crowding are influenced by the environmental factors.

上下颌牙量大小和上颌牙弓弧长受较强遗传控制，下颌牙弓弧长受弱遗传控制，恒牙列拥挤度遗传度很低，受环境因素影响较大。

The dimensions of dental arch in Chinese were very similar to Japanese, South and Central American Indians, but wider and shorter than Central and South American Indians.(5) The superimposition of dental arch form showed that the four races of Mongoloids had similar ovoid dental arch forms.

但中美印第安人之齿列弓长径比国人者长，南美印第安人之齿列弓宽、长径则比国人者更长；(5)检讨四种人种的齿列弓形态的重叠影像，可发现四种蒙古人种的齿列弓形态都极为酷似，呈现弧度较大的椭圆形。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了