长孢子

High temperature and rh were detrimental to ascospore survival but spore viability was maintained for longer periods than previously reported.

高温和湿度不利于子囊孢子存活，但孢子活力比以前报告的维持时间更长。

The spore germination and gametophyte development of 21 ferns are studied. It indicates that :① the development period of prothallium and young sporophyte of the same species is different due to seeding time of spores;② the optimal temperatures of spores germination and gametophyte development of 21 ferns are about 15 -24 ℃;③ the rate of spore germination of rare ferns is much lower than the ferns which occur large populations in nature;④ the treatment with GA 3 can accelerate the germination of the spores;⑤ the prothallium changes from large to small, green to yellow when young sporophyte comes out. The prothalliums of all 21 ferns die away after the appear of the 3rd leaf of sporophytes;⑥ shapes of the 1st and 2nd leaves of the young sporophyte are different from those emerged later;⑦ spores cultured in dark can not germinate;⑧ a prothallium can develop only one young sporophyte though it has many archegoniums, and the spore propagation with leaf mould substrate is an economical method.

摘 要：以腐叶土为培养基质，对 21 种蕨类植物进行了孢子萌发和原叶体发育的研究，结果表明：①不同时期播种的同种蕨类的孢子，发育出原叶体和幼孢子体所历经的时间长短不同；②孢子萌发和配子体生长发育的适宜温度约为 15 ～ 24 ℃；③稀有蕨类的孢子萌发率低，而在野外能形成较大种群的蕨类的孢子萌发率高；④用 GA 3 处理孢子可以促进萌发；⑤当原叶体上长出幼孢子体时，原叶体由大变小，由绿变黄， 21 种蕨类的原叶体都在幼孢子体上长出第 3 片叶时消失；⑥幼孢子体上长出的第 1 、 2 片叶在形态上与以后长出的叶不同；⑦孢子萌发需要光；⑧ 1 片原叶体尽管有多个颈卵器，但仅发育出 1 株幼孢子体；⑨利用腐叶土进行蕨类孢子繁殖是一种经济实用的繁殖方法。

Rust fungi having aecia produced in raised or swollen sori and teliospores borne in waxy columns.

长有锈孢子的锈真菌，冬孢子长在蜡似的菌柱上。

Microscopic examination showed the conidiophores were fasciculate and brown, and that the basal cell was enlarged and hemispheric. Well-developed conidia were long-obclavate, obtuse at both ends, with five to eight transverse septa, which indicated that the pathogen was Bipolaris setaria.

形态观察结果表明，该病原菌分生孢子梗丛生，褐色，基细胞膨大呈半球形，成熟的分生孢子长椭圆形，两端钝圆，具5～8个隔膜，表明其为狗尾草离孺孢。

It was found that the fungus 1403 resembles pathogenic F. verticillioides (teleomophy Gibberella moniliforme) in the production of false head or chains and abundant microconidia on the aerial mycelium, but different in the occasional formation of polyphialides with relatively long as well as short monophialides, in its typical coiled hyphae and mycelia fusion.

基于1403在形态学方面具有以下特征：产小型分生孢子的分生孢子梗较长，小型分生孢子呈椭圆形，大型分生孢子线形或略微弯曲，本文将它与有类似形态特征的镰刀菌进行了比较，发现1403与植物病原菌Fusarium verticillioides（有性态为Gibberella moniliforme）表面上很相似，气生菌丝均可产生大量假头状或链状的小型分生孢子，但深入的研究却发现1403与F。

A unisexual reproductive structure of gymnospermous plants such as conifers and cycads, typically consisting of a central axis around which there are scaly, overlapping, spirally arranged sporophylls that develop pollen-bearing sacs or naked ovules or seeds.

球果单性裸子植物的生殖器，例如针叶树和铁树目植物，一般由覆满鳞片和褶皱的中心轴构成，长螺旋状排列的孢子叶，孢子叶最终成为花粉囊或裸露的孢子或种子

A unisexual reproductive structure of gymnospermous plants such as conifers and cycads, typically consisting of a central axis around which there are scaly, overlapping, spirally arranged sporophylls that develop pollen-bearing sacs or naked ''.

球果单性裸子植物的生殖器，例如针叶树和铁树目植物，一般由覆满鳞片和褶皱的中心轴构成，长螺旋状排列的孢子叶，孢子叶最终成为花粉囊或裸露的孢子或种子

In this paper the authors report on the biological characteristics of Al-sophila spinulosa Hook.

孢子—原叶体—孢子体的生活周期长，并且在丝状体、原叶体和幼孢子体阶段，无特殊结构去抵抗和忍耐一切不利环境因子的影响。3。

The results showed that the sex ratio of trees was 1 m 2 f, and the natural T. cuspidata tree was able to sexually reproduce for many years. Male trees had fecundity when the diameter at breast height ranged from 1.5 cm to 92 cm, while female trees had fecundity when the DBH from 9.5 cm to 68.1 cm. Male trees typically flowered at the age about 20 years earlier than female trees. The numbers of microstrobili were 3 times more than that of megastrobili, and only 1/10 megastrobili developed into seed. The numbers of strobili and seed were correlated with DBH, crown diameter and height of trees; however, no significant correlations were observed with other site factors. Numbers of strobili decreased from the upper to lower canopy layers, while the quantity of seed decreased from the middle, upper to lower canopy layers. Seed-setting rate increased from the upper to lower canopy layers. Numbers of strobili and seeds in different directions of the canopy were not uniform, but the differences weren't significant.

结果表明：现实东北红豆杉天然种群中，♀♂性比为1：2；天然东北红豆杉有性生殖持续时间长，雄株胸径在1.5~92cm，雌株胸径在9.5~68.1cm保持生殖状态，雄株较雌株早约20年进入花期；天然东北红豆杉小孢子叶球数量平均为大孢子叶球数量的3倍，大孢子叶球转化为果实的数量不足1/10，孢子叶球数量、结实数量与样株的胸径、冠幅、树高显著相关，与其他立地因子相关不显著；孢子叶球数量在冠层间的分布呈现由上至下的递减规律，而结实数量在冠层间沿中、上、下递减，结实率沿冠层自上而下递增；孢子叶球与结实数量在树冠不同朝向上也呈现出一定的特点，但总体上差异不显著。

Grape rust bacterium is in cold region with wintry spore live through the winter, spore of summer of the generation after catching is invaded first, fission of summerly spore caboodle comes loose a many summer spore, travel through air current, there are water and appropriate temperature on blade, summerly spore grows a gemma, invade blade through air hole.

葡萄锈病菌在严寒地区以冬孢子越冬，初侵染后产生夏孢子，夏孢子堆裂开散出大量夏孢子，通过气流传播，叶片上有水滴及适宜温度，夏孢子长出芽孢，通过气孔侵入叶片。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。