长半径

The static model of torsion joint is based on that of bending joint. The effects of structure parameters inside air pressure, initial angle, rube average radius, rube shell thickness on the turning angle are analyzed and the following conclusions are drawn: the relationship between the angle of torsion joint and the inside air pressure is basically linear, the angle of torsion joint increases with the initial angle and rube average radius, the angle of torsion joint decreases while the rube shell thickness increases. The kinetic equation is built for torsion joint. Simulating experiment implies that the time of inflating and deflating process is extremely shorter than that of kinetic process. So the pneumatic process can be ignored in actual system design and control. The factors that affect the dynamic features of torsion joint, such as shell thickness of rubber tube, average radius, initial angle, connector's outlet area, moment of inertia and viscous damping coefficient, are analyzed and the following conclusions are drawn: the change of rube shell thickness has no effects on the dynamic process of FPA inside air pressure while greatly affects the turning angle of torsion joint; when the rube shell thickness is small, the torsion joint has a bigger turning angle, no overshoot and long risetime, when the shell thickness is big, the turning angle of torsion joint is small, but has high response speed, overshoot and low shock; when the rube average radius increases, the turning angle of torsion joint increases and the overshoot increases too; when the initial angle of torsion joint is big, the turning joint is big, the overshoot is small and shock is low, but the risetime is big; the connector's outlet area affects the dynamic process of FPA inside air pressure greatly, but has no effects on the dynamic process of turning angle; moment of inertia and viscous damping coefficient have no effects on the dynamic process of FPA inside air pressure, but affect the dynamic process of turning angle greatly.

在弯曲关节模型推导的基础上，建立扭转关节的静态模型，并分析了扭转关节内腔压力，初始转角，橡胶管平均半径，橡胶管壁厚等参数对关节转角的影响，得出扭转关节的转动角度与充入FPA内腔的压缩气体压力之间基本呈线性关系，扭转关节的转角随初始角度和橡胶管平均半径的增大而增大，扭转关节的转角随橡胶管壁厚的增大而减小的结论；建立了扭转关节的动力学方程，仿真实验表明FPA的充放气过程与扭转关节的动力学过程相比时间极短，在实际系统设计和控制过程中可以忽略不计；分析讨论橡胶管壁厚，平均半径，初始角度，气体节流口面积，转动惯量，粘性阻尼系数等因素对扭转关节动态特性的影响，得出橡胶管初始壁厚的变化对扭转关节FPA内腔压力的动态响应几乎没有影响而对关节转角的响应曲线影响比较明显，壁厚较小时，关节可以得到较大的转角，并且转角的响应曲线没有超调，但上升时间长，壁厚较大时，关节转角变小，响应加快，但是有超调和轻微振荡现象，橡胶管平均半径越大，得到的关节转角越大，但是转角响应的超调量也随之增大，FPA的初始角度越大，关节的转角越大，并且超调量减小，振荡减弱，但是上升时间增大，管接头出口面积的大小对关节FPA内腔压力的建立过程影响较大，但对关节转角的动态响应几乎没有影响，转动惯量和粘性阻尼系数对FPA内腔压力的动态过程几乎没有影响而对扭转关节转角有较大影响等结论。

Finally,as to an equicontinuous homeomorphism on a compact metric space,...

最后，针对紧致度量空间上的等度连续同胚，利用空间的极小性和紧致性，得到以空间中某有限个点的有限长轨道为中心，以ε2为半径的开邻域构成的有限子覆盖，并利用f的等度连续性，由该子覆盖构造出以空间任一点的有限长轨道为中心的开邻域所作成的有限子覆盖，进而得到所要结论。

Secondly, the analytic expressions of the error band boundary line for the s model of line segment are deduced, the parameter equations of the error band boundary are gotten.

考虑实用性和合理性，将线元看成离散点的集合，将线的不确定性看成点的不确定性的聚合体，将线元的位置不确定性模型看成以各点误差椭圆的长半轴E为半径的误差圆的聚合体，建立了以线元上任意点处的误差椭圆的长半轴E为带宽的线元不确定性ε模型。

By Visual Basic 6.0 program, taken the distance between hole 200mm and buried depth 120～150mm as the optimization goal, the most optimum parameters range of the mechanism was obtained as follows: the initial angle between planet frame and the line formed from spraying-fertilizer needle-tip and planet wheel axle was -45°～-40°, the initial angular displacement of planet frame was 40°～50°, the distance between spraying-fertilizer needle-tip and the planetary gear axle center was 280～300mm, simultaneously, the semi-major axis of elliptic gear was 29.364mm, the teeth quantity was 23, the ratio of semi-minor axes and semi-major axis was 0.958, the radius of circular gear was 25mm.

对该机构进行运动学分析，建立了数学模型，以穴距200mm和入土深度120～150mm为寻优目标，应用Visual Basic 6.0软件编程得出满足机构运动要求的最优参数范围为：喷肥针尖和行星轮轴连线与行星架的初始夹角-45°～-40°、行星架初始角位移40°～50°、喷肥针尖与行星轮轴心距离280～300mm，此时椭圆齿轮长半轴29.364mm、齿数23、短半轴与长半轴比0.958，正圆齿轮半径25mm。

Experimental results indicate that the polar radius of the long spherical hollow Be rotor is 0.52 μm longer than equator radius,which is well coincident with the design value of 0.54 μm.

实验结果表明：该加工后的长球形空心铍转子的极点半径比赤道半径长0.52 μm，与设计值0.54 μm相吻合。

The on-line density measurement technology with microwave has been narrated as a key part. We has deduced relations between permittivity、the load Q-factor and resonant frequency. And the electromagnetic field for closed cavity 、open cavity has been analyzed. we also discuss the design of cavity that is used in experiment、means for how to stir electromagnetic wave and choice of diameter/length ratio for cavity.

接着重点说明了微波在线密度测量原理，基于麦克斯韦方程组深入推导了微扰情况下介电常数与谐振频率，有载品质因数的关系；分别讨论了封闭谐振腔和开孔谐振腔中的电磁场以及微扰方法中所使用的谐振腔的设计及设计中激励方式、腔长/半径的选择等若干关键问题。

Experimental TEA CO2 laser with printed circuit board preionization is used. The laser has gain length of 90 cm. The resonator is composed of a total-reflective concave spherical mirror of curvature radius 20 m and a total-reflective plane mirror of mirror radius 4.5 mm, separated by 5 m distance.

实验中TEA CO2激光器采用印刷电路板预电离结构，增益长度90 cm，腔长5 m，球面全反射镜曲率半径20 m，输出端平面镜半径4.5 mm，得到了内环半径为4.5 mm、外环半径为5.5 mm的基模环形光斑输出。

Results of estimation of effective parameters in heterogeneous show that: i Seff and Teff values evolve with time, as well as the principal directions of the transmissivity; ii Seff approaches the arithmetical mean of the field; iii Teff converges to its geometric mean at large time for the Gaussian random field we generated; and iv the averages of local T and S values within the cone of depression at early times differ from the Teff and Seff values.

研究结果在空间异质性孔隙介质有效参数的推估方法方面，显示利用传统抽水试验分析来估计有效参数时，从长时间的抽水试验分析所得的流通系数代表在抽水井有效半径内所有流通系数的某种平均值；此平均值与抽水井及观测井附近的地质有很大的关系，而且可能受到有效半径内地质异质性的影响，而储蓄系数的估计值变异很大与抽水井与观测井间地质的储蓄系数特性有关，特别是观测井的位置。

Analytical formulae are presented for the first time to describe the shift in the resonance wavelength of LPG in response to etching of the fiber cladding or a change in the external refractive index. The accuracy of the formula is confirmed by comparision with numerical simulations and experimental results. We demonstrated that the resonance wavelengths of an etched LPG are more sensitive refractive index than those of an unetched grating. The bending properties of long period fiber grating written in different type fiber are studied experimentally. The transmission peaks and the central wavelength of LPG change with the bending of the fiber. A new peak appears at the shorter wavelength when the fiber is being bent. The changes of the peaks are different for different photosensitive fiber. Those properties have broad application foreground in fiber sensors and tunable filters.

分别从理论和实验上对长周期光栅的折射率特性以及光纤包层半径对长周期光栅特性的影响进行了研究，首次给出了描述光纤包层半径腐蚀和外界折射率改变与长周期光栅共振波长关系的理论表达式，实验与理论和数据模拟的结果很好符合，利用腐蚀光纤包层的方法可以有效地提高LPG的折射率灵敏度；对不同光纤中写入的长周期光栅的弯曲特性进行了实验研究，LPG的透射峰形状及其中心波长随光纤弯曲而发生变化，并且随着弯曲将在短波方向出现新的透射峰，其透射峰的变化规律因所用光敏光纤的不同而不同，这一特性在光纤传感和可调谐滤波器方面有重要的应用前景。

RESULTS: After root canal preparation, the mean value of the angles of canal curvature decreased from 36.21° to 21.98°, while the mean value of the radius of the canal curvature increased from 6.25mm to 11.35mm; the canal axes transported and intercrossed with the original axes at 2 points and created 3 intersection zones.

结果：根管预备完毕，根管弯曲角度均值从预备前的36.21°逐渐减小至21.98°，弯曲半径均值从6.28mm增大至11.35mm；根管长轴发生了偏移，与预备前原根管长轴形成2个交点，3个相交区。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。