镫骨

The raw data was processed by using axial, coronal and double oblique multi-planar reformation; Images obtained were graded in terms of quality with a 5-point scale(5=excellent, 4=good, 3=fair, 2=poor, and 1=nondiagnostic). In grading image quality at axial MPR, The radiologic specialists focused on the subarcuate fossa, tendon of tensor tympani, facial recess, vestibular aqueduct and pyramidal eminence, In grading image quality at coronal MPR, attention was given to the scute, crista transversa, fenestra cochleae, lateral malleal ligament and snake eyes signature of cranial nerve, In the grading of the image quality at double oblique MPR, the radiologic specialists concentrated on the malleus, incus, stirrup bone, upper bony semicircular and aquaeductus fallopii, and then to implement statistical analysis. In order to choose the minimum tube current values and the maximum pitch that can satisfy the diagnosis request, image quality of axial, coronal and double oblique reformation images was compared with different tube current groups. 15 ears of volunteers were used to test the validity with the scanning parameter. Subsequently noise, MTF and dose length product were measured by phantoms in different tube current and pitch, the parameters obtained were compared and taken into statistics analysis.

扫描模式使用临床常用的颞骨螺旋扫描方式：管电压120 kV，准直宽度20×0.6 mm，视野200 mm，重建矩阵512×512，旋转时间1 s/r，重建层厚0.6 mm，重建间隔0.3 mm，分别改变管电流(380、300、200、160、120和80 mA)和螺距(0.8、1.0和1.2)进行扫描和重建，然后对颞骨进行横断面、冠状面和双斜面多平面重组，于重组后的横断层面图像上选取弓形下窝、鼓膜张肌腱、面神经隐窝、前庭导水管和锥隆起5个解剖结构，冠状面重组图像上选取盾板、横嵴、蜗窗、面神经的蛇眼征和锤骨外侧韧带5个解剖结构，双斜面重组图像上选取锤骨、砧骨、镫骨、上骨半规管和面神经管5个解剖结构，在双盲的情况下由放射学专家分别对各管电流和螺距下扫描的重组图像进行评分，随后进行统计学处理，从中筛选出满足诊断要求的最低管电流值和最大的螺距，分别采用患者25例(15耳)用该管电流值和螺距验证其可行性；然后利用模体分别测试各管电流和螺距下的图像的空间分辨率、噪声及其剂量长度积，并对测试所得参数数值进行比较和统计学处理。

Comprising three separate bones, the malleus, the incus and the stapes, this structure is unlike that of any other class of animal

中耳骨是由锤骨、砧骨和镫骨这三块独立的骨骼组成，这种结构与其他任何纲目的动物都有所不同

Three small bones in the middle ear: malleus, incus, and stapes.

骨质、小骨：中耳内的三个听小骨。槌骨、钻骨、镫骨。

Comprising three separate bones, the malleus, the incus and the stapes, this structure is unlike that of any other class of animal: reptiles and amphibians have one bone while fish have none.

中耳骨是由锤骨、砧骨和镫骨这三块独立的骨骼组成，这种结构与其他任何纲目的动物都有所不同：爬行动物与两栖动物都只有单个耳骨，而鱼类则没有。

For bats to listen to the echoes of their original emissions and not be temporarily deafened by the intensity of their own calls, the middle ear muscle contracts to separate the three bones there, the malfeasances and stapes , and reduce the hearing sensitivity.

对蝙蝠来说，为了听到它们最初发出的声音的回音并不被它们自己的声音强度暂时震聋，中耳肌肉收缩将那里的锤骨、骨和镫骨分开并减小听觉的敏感度。

Her stapes had a atrophic neck and appeared pale.

手术见镫骨头在颈部与足弓脱离，足板活动，镫骨苍白。

CTVE, SSD of ossicular chain and the oblique reconstruction of stapes of normal ears were compared with anatomy and coronal and axial CT film, and that of ill ears were compared with operation and coronal and axial CT film.

33例66耳行颞骨GE Lightspeed 64排螺旋CT容积扫描，正常组35耳，病变组31耳，用GE Advantage工作站行中耳CTVE、听骨链SSD及镫骨前后脚的斜轴位重建与冠、轴位CT及手术所见进行对照。

Result: may clearly demonstrate using mip to the auditory bone chain that, to the malleus, the anvil, the stirrup bone and firstmay achieve 100% demonstration,ledger wall partial demonstrations.

结果：运用mip对听骨链可以清楚显示，对锤骨、砧骨、镫骨头及前后角可达到100%显示，镫骨底板部分显示。

Results: Through the facial recess approach, the pyramidal eminence .canal of facial nerve, incudostapedial joint, base of stapes, cochleariform process .round window niche and promontorium tympani were all visible from different directions.

结果：经面神经隐窝入路从不同的角度可清楚地看到锥隆起、面神经管凸、砧镫关节、镫骨底板、匙突、圆窗龛及鼓岬等主要结构。

Results: Both MIP and SSD 3D images could direct display the shape, size and correlation of malleus and incus, the incus-stapedial joint was like"L-shape" structure, but it was difficult to exhibit the footplate, anterior and posterior crura of stepes.Cholesteatomas was found in 12 cases with chronic otitis media, that 3D images exhibited varying degrees of destruction of the auditory ossides, and the display ability of SSD 3D image was slightly better than that of MIP 3D image.

结果：MIP和SSD 3D重建都能直观地观察锤、砧骨的形态、大小及相互关系，砧镫关节呈&L&形，镫骨前后脚及底板显示欠佳。18例中耳炎患者中12例胆脂瘤形成，3D重建显示有不同程度的听小骨破坏，SSD 3D的显示效果略好于MIP 3D。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。