镀

Electroless Co-Ni-P thin film as-deposited was amorphous possessing smooth surface. The film was crystallized after heat treatment at 300℃ for 1 hour, and the surface of film was composed of "taper humps". When the film was heated, phase of Co2P deposited from the solid solution and allotropic transformation took place from hexagonal close-packed system to face-centred cubic lattice.

摘 要：化学镀Co-Ni-P薄膜镀态下为非晶态结构，表面较为平整；经300℃×1h热处理，发生了晶化转变，表面由&圆锥峰&所构成；随加热温度的提高，镀层析出了Co2P相，并发生了由密排六方结构的α-Co向面心立方结构的β-Co的同素异构转变。

Test of electrochemical methods Benzylidene acetone, formaldehyde, compound additive D, ammonium metavanadate solution of acid sulfate tin polarization curves, test ammonium metavanadate on the open circuit potential acid sulfate solution of tin.

用电化学工作站测试分析苄叉丙酮、甲醛、复合添加剂D、偏钒酸铵对酸性硫酸盐镀锡溶液的极化曲线的影响，测试偏钒酸铵对酸性硫酸盐镀锡溶液开路电位的影响。

The development of the underlying technology, holographic products also advances, on the one hand, the laser bolographic innvation seihan technology, such as computer hologram, counterpropagating carving holograms, true color hologram, stereograms, passwords, such as hologram can be applied to transparent holographic technology, which enables transparent holographic image quality, better security; on the other hand, hologram carrier materials are on-going updates from the initial cost: an opaque coating aluminium identity developed into large scale machine translucent perspective-holographic film high refractive index-inorgano media eciwo film, Mr Nano-rubber transparent holographic film.

随着相关技术的发展，全息制品的开发也日新月异，一方面，激光全息制版技术不断革新，如计算机全息图、双光束雕刻全息图、真彩色全息图、合成全息图、密码全息图等都可以应用于透明全息技术，使透明全息的图像质量更高，防伪效果更好；另一方面，全息图像载体材料也不断更新，由初期的窄幅不透明镀铝标识发展成为大规模宽幅半透明透视全息膜、镀高折射率无机介质的全息膜、涂纳米胶的透明全息膜。

This was because organic carbonide in coating was reduced after treatment.

对镀层的XPS分析表明，这是由于镀层中的有机碳化物，经热处理后析出所致。

The effect of the former was that the nick on the substrate surface could not be filled with the resulting composite codeposit which will retain the surface state in substance.

前者的影响是：基体表面的道痕不能被复合镀层所填满，在通常情况下镀层的表面形貌会基本上保持基体的表面状况。

The results show that the rare earth element Ce can codeposit with cobalt-base alloy, and with increase of mass added of Ce in solution, the content of Co, Ni, Ce in alloy increases and the content of B decreases. Ce can increase plating rate of alloy in some range of content. The rare earth makes deposition potential mve in positive direction and polarizability decrease.

结果表明，在水溶液中稀土元素Ce可以与钴基合金实现共沉积，且随着镀液中Ce的浓度的增大，合金镀层中Ce、Co和Ni的含量逐渐升高，B含量降低；且Ce在一定范围内能够明显提高合金的沉积速度；稀土还使Co-Ni-B合金的析出电位发生了正移，减小了极化度。

The rate capability of the alloys is improved after plating, due to the fine particles formed through hydrogen crisping and the nickel layer contributed to the conductivity of electrodes.

镀镍层有利于贮氢合金氢化物电极大电流放电，这种作用源于微包覆过程中氢脆引起合金颗粒的细化与表面镀层增强了电极的导电性。

The process and solution of degrease, alkali erosion, brightening pretreatment and pre-electroplating were introduced.

介绍了铝及其合金制件的脱脂、碱蚀、出光及预镀等预处理工艺和配方，探讨了浸锌-镍合金溶液的配制、温度及时间对镀层性能的影响。

The influences of additives [K4Fe6, 2, 2'-dipyridyl and L-argiine] on the depositing rate and stability of electroless copper bath and the corrosion resistance, conduction and adhesion of copper plating were investigated using electrochemical methods etc.

用电化学等方法，研究了添加剂亚铁氰化钾、2，2'-联吡啶和L-精氨酸对陶瓷化学镀铜镀液的沉积速度与稳定性、镀层的耐腐蚀性、导电性及结合力的影响。

The trivalent chromium passivation film based on zincate plating obtained has compact structure with no obvious crack, and excellent anticorrosion performance. Different compositions are detected from the surface to inner film, the surface mainly contains Cr2O3-Cr3-ZnO compound, the inner (1030 nm to surface) composes of Cr2O3-ZnO-Zn.The forming process of passivation film possibly consists of four steps which are zinc dissolution, basic area appearance, gelatiniform film forming and converting to passivation film.

结果表明：锌酸盐镀锌层的三价铬钝化膜表面结构致密、无明显裂纹，具有较好的耐腐蚀性能；这种钝化膜表层与里层的组成不同，表层的组成为Cr2O3-Cr3-ZnO共混物；里层(离表层10~30 nm处)的主要组成为Cr2O3-ZnO-Zn共混物；钝化膜的成膜过程可能包括镀锌层的溶解、碱性薄层的形成、胶状膜的形成和胶状膜转化成钝化膜4个步骤。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。