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The results show that the technical parameters and the concentration of sodium molybdate have obvious effect on the composition of the alloy. The crystal grain size is from 6.2 to 12.7 nm and changes with current density, temperature and the pH value of the electrolyte.The crystalline growth of the alloy accords with the model of three-dimensional growth. The surface morphology is mainly determined by the rate competitions between the growing direction of vertical surface and the expanding direction along the surface towards circumambient. The results of the X-ray data show the presence of the multiphase containing solid solution and intermetallic compound in the deposits. The deposit phases alter from the FeNi and FeMo solid solution to the FeNi and MoNi4structure at 3 A/dm2. The deposits internal stress increases linearly with the decrease of the grain size. The lattice parameter of the deposits are slightly distorted

结果表明：工艺条件和钼酸钠浓度对合金组成的影响较大；所得合金晶粒尺寸为6.2~12.7 nm，并随电流密度、温度和电镀液的pH值的改变而变化；合金的晶体生长符合晶核三维生长模型，镀层表面形貌由平行和垂直于基体的生长速度的相对大小决定；镀层物相为固溶体和金属间化合物的多相结构，当电流密度为3 A/dm2时，镀层物相由FeNi和FeMo固溶相转化为FeNi和

The effect of the latter was that the resulting codeposit will contain only a few PTFE particles at lower surfactant concentration, and that it will contain a lot of bubblles at higher surfactant concentration, and that a flat composite codeposit formed with densely arranged micro-cells at suitable surfactant concentration.

后者的影响是：在表面活性剂浓度过低时所沉积的镀层中只含很少量的PTFE粒子，在其浓度过高时所沉积的镀层中会夹杂许多气泡，只有在其浓度合适时才能得到平整的、由致密排布的微胞组成的复合镀层。

The XRD data indicates that, Ag crystalloidal nanoparticles exist in the films as the annealing temperature above 300℃. As the contrast, non-crystalloidal Ag was found in the films annealed below 300℃. The AFM image of sample imply that, in the Ag layer was first prepared films, nanocomposite films consist of nanosized Ag particles embedded in MgF2 matrix.

在分层镀Ag和MgF2薄膜后，经过热处理使Ag颗粒扩散在MgF2介质中，通过AFM观察，对复合薄膜形貌进行了分析：如果先镀MgF2薄膜，再镀Ag薄膜，发现Ag颗粒主要分布在薄膜的表面，并且富集形成较大的颗粒，表现出块体Ag的吸收特性。

The surface morphologies of the coatings have been observed by scanning electron microscope and the crystal structures of the coatings tested and analyzed by X-ray diffract meter. With comparison to direct circuit electroplating, resulting in that pulse electroplating showed finer plated granules.

通过扫描电镜观察了镀层的表面形貌，用X射线衍射仪分析了镀层的微观晶体结构，分别研究了影响直流和单脉冲纳米复合镀层显微硬度的各种因素。

To analyze and compare each targets of pre-coating Cu and pre-coating Ni,which are the two pre-coating methods adopted in electrocoating Cu for Cu-cladded steel wire The relative matters needing attention and measures of improvement are put forward,which have important significances for cutting down production cost and improving product qualit

对铜包钢丝在电镀铜过程中采用的两种预镀方法———预镀铜和预镀镍的各项指标进行分析比较，提出相应的注意事项和改进措施，对于降低生产成本，提高产品质量意义甚大。

To analyze and compare each targets of pre-coating Cu and pre-coating Ni,which are the two pre-coating methods adopted in electrocoating Cu for Cu-cladded steel wireThe relative matters needing attention and measures of improvement are put forward,which have important significances for cutting down production cost and improving product qualit

对铜包钢丝在电镀铜过程中采用的两种预镀方法———预镀铜和预镀镍的各项指标进行分析比较，提出相应的注意事项和改进措施，对于降低生产成本，提高产品质量意义甚大。

We provide the Leadway connector and contact . We can produce tooling , die casting part , stamping part , CNC machining part , plastic injection part according to customer drawing or sample . Meantime , the plating (such as: gold plating , silver plating , nickel plating ,zinc plating ) is done by ourselves .

我们可以供应领先牌连接器、领先牌端子，我们可根据客户的图纸或样品和要求供应各种金属压铸件，冲压件，注塑件，数控加工零件、模具的设计与制作，我们还有提供表面电镀处理的服务（镀金、镀银、镀镍、镀锌等）。

Dog boning plating and throwing of metalization are tie up.

狗骨镀层与镀层分散性紧密联系，分散性越高，狗骨镀层发生机会就越少，反之，就越多。

Most manufacturers use frequency induction hardening process, after the nitrogenation or chromeplating, nitrogenation of thickness of 0.5 to 2.7 0.6 ㎜, chrome-plated layer thickness ㎜ 0.10 ~ 0.15, mainstream technology for after the chromeplating frequency induction hardening.

目前多数厂家采用复合处理，中频淬火后进行氮化或镀铬，氮化层厚度为0.5～0.6㎜，镀铬层厚度为0.10～0.15㎜，主流工艺为中频淬火后镀铬。

Morphology and grain size of alloys were analysed by SEM. The effect of current density, pH value, organic additives and rare earth samarium on cobalt content were studied, the adhesion of the film were tested by heating.

采用扫描电镜分析了镀层的微观形貌及晶粒尺寸，研究了电流密度、pH等工艺条件以及有机添加剂和稀土钐对镀层中钴含量的影响，采用加热实验法测定了镀层的结合力。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。