锚

Based on the generalized potential energy variational principal of nonlinear elasticity theory with large deflection, the incomplete generalized potential energy functional with large deflection is established on the space coupling free vibration of three-span self-anchored suspension bridge by considering the effect of axial compressive and shearing strain energy of stiffening girder.

摘 要：摘要：基于大位移非线性弹性理论的广义变分原理，考虑了加劲梁轴向压缩应变能和剪切应变能的影响，建立了三跨自锚式悬索桥空间耦合自由振动的大位移不完全广义势能泛函，通过约束变分导出了自锚式悬索桥的竖向挠曲振动、横向挠曲振动、纵向振动及扭转振动的基础微分方程，为自锚式悬索桥的固有振动性状分析提供可靠的理论依据。

The bolt running through coarse joint is subject to shearing stress and pulling stress. It is important to study anchoring strength and stress distribution characteristics of bolts pulled by force.

贯穿膨胀节理的锚杆，除了承受剪应力外，还受到拉应力的作用，锚杆在拉应力作用下的锚固强度和受力变形特点对于分析锚杆在节理中的加固作用就显得非常重要。

And we thought once or twice our anchor had come home; upon which our master order'd out the sheet anchor ; so that we rode with two anchor s a-head, and the cables veered out to the better end.

有一两次，我们以为脱了船锚，因此，船长下令放下备用大锚。这样，我们在船头下了两个锚，并把锚索放到最长的限度。

And we thought once or twice our anchor had come home; upon which our master order'd out the sheet anchor; so that we rode with two anchors a-head, and the cables veered out to the better end.

有一两次，我们以为脱了船锚，因此，船长下令放下备用大锚。这样，我们在船头下了两个锚，并把锚索放到最长的限度。

By noon the sea went very high indeed, and our ship rid forecastle in, shipped several seas, and we thought once or twice our anchor had come home; upon which our master ordered out the sheet anchor; so that we rode with two anchors ahead, and the cables verged out to the better end.

我们的船头和前甲板好几次被海浪吞没。有一、两次，我们以为放下的锚已经不行了，因此，船长下令放下备用的锚。这样，我们为了停泊在船头下了两个锚，并把缆索下放到最合适的程度。

It is embodied concretely:(1) With the adoption of grouting bolts, the cranny in wall rocks can be blocked up, the air can be isolated, the wall rocks can be prevented to be weatherized and make water, the strength of wall rocks can also be avoided to be lowered;(2) The lax broken wall rocks are commentated to a whole by liquid after they were grouted and the rock"s strength is increased, so the wall rocks become a part of the support structure by using itself and become a whole with the original rock, and the roadway is made to keep stable but not easy to be broken;(3) The spray layer wall are filled with liquid after grouting, the stress is avoided to be concentrated because the load could be evenly acted on the spray layer and the support;(4) The pressure acted on the plank can be delivered to the two sidepieces and then to the bottom by reinforcing the sidepiece; At the same time, the concentration degree of loads acted on the motherboard can be weaken because of the enlargement of the combination arch"s thickness, as result, the rock"s stress is lowered and the heaving is alleviated;(5) The common bolt is made to be fixed the whole length after grouting, the layers are connected to a integral whole and bear the weight of loads, so the support structure"s unity is increased.

具体体现在：(1)采用注浆锚杆注浆，可以利用浆液封堵围岩裂隙，隔绝空气，防止围岩风化，且能防止淋水和渗水，避免围岩被水浸湿而降低围岩的本身强度及造成的巷道变形。(2)注浆后浆液将松散破碎的围岩胶结成整体，提高了岩体强度，实现利用围岩本身作为支护结构的一部分，且与原岩形成一个整体，使巷道保持稳定而不易产生破坏；(3)注浆后使得喷层壁后充填密实，保证荷载能均匀地作用在喷层和支护上，避免出现应力集中点而首先破坏；(4)注浆后使作用在顶板上的压力能有效地传递到两帮，通过对帮的加固，又能把荷载传递到底板；同时由于组合拱厚度的加大，这样又能减小作用在底板上的荷载集中度，从而减小底板岩石中的应力，减轻底臌；(5)注浆加固后能使普通端锚锚杆实现全长锚固，它们共同将多层组合拱连成一体，共同承载，提高了支护结构的整体性。

The latest constructing machine and the newest technology were adopted to ensure that the borehole is perpendicular to the rock face of roof and that the depth of borehole and the torsional moment of the anchoring bolt meet the design requirement.

采用最新锚杆施工机具及工艺，保证钻孔垂直于顶板岩面，孔深及锚杆扭矩满足新型机械锚杆的设计要求。

The test results obtained accor- dingly are presented in this paper .Three stopes with different spans (8m , 16m, 24m ) were selected for the purpose of stress study with epoxylite model .

采用环氧树脂模型研究了三种不同跨度(8米、16米、24米)采场，在支护网度为1×0.8米~2及无锚杆护顶时顶板应力分布状况，同时也研了在相同条件下，锚杆支护网度为0.8×0.8米~2、1.6×0.8米~2时顶板应力分布状况，从而阐明了锚杆支护的实际效果。

A new way to classify wireless sensor networks based on feasibility of anchor nodes disposing is put forward.A representative nodes localization arithmetic of the networks that anchor nodes are disposed dispersively in all of it,the one that anchor nodes can only be disposed in the edge of it and the one in which anchor node can't be disposed,is summarized,and expatiate,and then the localization algorithms fit for the three kinds of networks are compared and estimated.

从锚节点可部署程度出发，提出了无线传感器网络的一种新的分类方法，系统地总结、阐述了锚节点分散部署于整个监测区域和只能部署于监测区域周围以及不能部署锚节点的3种网络可采用的代表性节点定位算法，并对3种网络的定位算法作了比较和评价。

Field-tests show: grouting bolt exists the question of effective anchorage length; shear stress distribution is disuniform and concentrated in the front 1/3 of the fixed anchoring part.

在现场对普通拉力型锚杆进行了试验，试验表明注浆锚杆存在有效锚固长度问题，沿锚固段全长锚杆与浆体间剪应力分布极不均匀，主要集中在锚固段的前1／3。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。