错误分析

The fundamental of Logic Algebra Decoding is analyzed at first. Then the bit error types of (2, 1, 4) convolutional code are discussed, and 19 bit error types in a constraint length including 10 bits are found, if one or two bit errors are considered.

之后研究了误码判定的规则，证明了伴随式只与错误图样有关，而与编码器输入的信息序列无关，通过分析错误图样，得出了19种误码类型所对应的伴随式。

Author analyses the cost, benefit and efficiency in detail, and comes to three conclusions: first, the aim is to get the minimal cost from the sum of direct cost and erroneous cost in economy; second, the highest point exists when marginal cost crosses marginal revenue; third, the design of the minimal cost in criminal summary procedure system must insist three principles: punctual, brief and justice.

在这一部分中，笔者通过对刑事简易程序进行成本分析、收益分析以及效率分析得出了三个重要的结论：一是从经济学的角度看，刑事简易程序的目的就是要使直接成本和错误成本之和最小化；二是刑事简易程序成本投入的最佳水平是其边际成本与边际收益相交的均衡点；三是为了实现成本的最小化，在设计刑事简易程序制度时应当坚持三个原则——及时原则、精简原则和最低公正原则。

The restriction of equivalent transformation analysis method is discussed and finally a proper method and the result of the analysis are offered.

在单端输入的差动放大电路工作原理教学中，对共模反馈电阻R e的作用，往往采用等效变换法进行分析，如果不注意正确使用分析条件会得出错误的结论，本文从理论和实践上指出了利用这种分析方法分析单端输入差动放大电路的局限性，最后给出了正确的分析方法及结论。

So, accurate identification of errors as the starting point of error analysis is not as easy as assumed.

因此，准确的识别错误的出发点是错误的分析并不是一件容易承担的。

Gradual regression analysis through specific mathematical algorithms to achieve automatic data selection and remove useless or even wrong data; The test data analysis revealed: the furfuran content have a very good correlation with polymerization degree of insulation paper, and a correlation model between furfuran content and DP was founded by regression analysis.

逐步回归分析通过偏回归平方和及显著性分析，实现对试验数据的自动分析、筛选，排除无用甚至是错误的数据；本文试验数据逐步分析结果表明：油中糠醛含量对数值与绝缘聚合度相关性最好，与现场实际分析结果一致；通过回归分析建立了绝缘聚合度与糠醛含量对数值的关系模型。

Chapter one is "Introduction". On the basis of summarizing the history of the study of the pictophonetic characters, we suppose some theoretical principle, such as the principle of the correspondence between the form and the meaning of the individual graph of Chinese characters, the principle of the total graphs of Chinese characters being a character-formation system, and the principle of the optimum development of the character -formation system in the history, and som analytic methods, such as the methods of structrue-function analysis, form-position analysis and meaning factor analysis, in the study of the pictophonetic characters. Chapter two is titled"General knwledge of the pictophonetic character." We discuss their origins, nature and some standards of distingnishing them, introduce the knowledge about the editions of SHUO WEN JIE ZI, analyse the functions of the modules of pictophonetic characters in detail, discuss concretely the function of phonetic graphs showing origins and pronunciations, the function of meaning graphs showing meanings and analogies, and the function of distinguishment when the two kinds of graphs are conbined. Chapter three is"The system of meaning graphs of Xiao Zhuan system."After we describe the structure of the meaning graph system, the relations between meaning graphs, the distributions of the function of meaning graphs showing meanings, and the frequency of all this kind of graphs, we get a table of all meaning graphs, a table of the frequency. Chapter four is"The system of phonetic graphs of Xiao Zhuan system."We describe the structure of the phonetic graph system, the relations between phonetic graphs, and between their function showing origins and their function showing pronunciations, and their frequency, then we get ageneral table of phonetic graphs and table of their frequency. Chapter five is "conclusion". We think that systematical methodology is useful in describing and analysing the formation system of Chinese characters. The methodology is adaptable in describing the formation system of modern Chinese characters as well as the historical character systems, adaptable in describing horizontally as well as comparing vertically. Only when we finish the systematical vertical compare on the base of systematical horizontal decription, could we know the true history of the system of Chinese characters, recover the rule of the system's development, and supply the theoretical supports for the scientifical arrangement of modern Chinese characters.

第一部分—绪论，在总结形声字研究历史状况的基础上，提出了研究形声系统的理论原则和分析方法，即汉字个体字符形义统一的思想，汉字字符集合构形系统的思想，汉字构形系统历史演变系统优化的思想等三项理论原则和结构功能分析法，形位分析法，义素分析法等三种分析方法，还扼要地介绍了具体的工作程序和论文的主要内容；第二部分—形声字概述，论述了形声字的来源、性质和鉴别标准，介绍了对《说文解字》正篆形声字说解中的传抄讹误，版本异文，说解错误校勘和考证的经过，详细分析了形声字构件的功能，具体讨论了声符的示源功能与示音功能，义符的示意功能与类化功能以及声符与义符组合中的相互区别功能；第三部分—小篆字系的义符系统，从义符系统的构成、义符间的相互关系，义符示意功能的分布及义符的构字频度等不同侧面，对义符系统进行了全面的描写，产生了义符总表、义符间意义关系总表和义符构字频度总表；第四部分—小篆字系形声字的声符系统，从声符系统的构成、声符间的相互关系，声符的示源功能与示音功能的关系以及声符的构字频度等不同侧面，对声符系统进行了全面描写，产生了声符总表和声符构字频度总表；第五部分—结束语，在全面测查小篆字系形声字的基础上，对研究汉字的方法和现代汉字发展方向的问题提出了一些看法，认为系统论的方法是描写和分析汉字构形系统行之有效的方法，系统论方法，不仅适用于历史上文字系统的描写，也适用于现代汉字构形系统的描写，不仅适用了断代描写，也适用于历史比较，只有在对汉字断代系统描写的基础上进行系统的历史比较，才能认清汉字系统历史演变的真相，揭示汉字系统发展的客观规律，为科学地整理现代汉字提供理论上的依据。

Then he gave a high appraise to logic of Moism. What he had done established a new way for the research of logical history in Chinese modern times, and pushed the research of Chinese logical history toward a new developing stage.

梁启超在逻辑——方法论方面取得的主要成就：①对比分析了归纳法与演绎法，特别是对归纳法的分析比较详尽，也基本正确；②主要将比较法作为归纳法的一个组成部分来进行分析，论述了比较法的认识作用，讨论了比较法在历史研究中的运用；③比较分析了分析法与综合法的思维过程，并结合治史和读史具体化为历史研究方法；④阐述了因果律的基本要求，与近代莱布尼茨的充足理由原则和普通逻辑的充足理由律思想相似；⑤探讨了名的分类方法，分析了前人的错误分类，提出明确划分根据的重要性。

The experimental results show the validness of the mechanism analyses.2. According to the generation mechanism of the leak acoustic signal, the characteristics of the leak acoustic signal are investigated. The auto correlation technology is adopted to descript the leak signal characteristics due to the ability to analyze the coherence of time series. A new procedure to identify the leak acoustic signal from the disturbed noises is proposed based on the conjunction of correlation and approximate entropy algorithm.3. The principle and application in leak location of the correlation and the adaptive filter techniques are introduced. The problems of the traditional leak location methods are analyzed.4. In order to establish the leak detection signal model, the leak acoustic propagation characteristics are investigated experimentally.

从泄漏声产生机理出发，分析了管道泄漏处湍流拟序结构与空泡间相互作用的机理，认为在该机理作用下，泄漏声信号产生过程具有&不可重复&的特征；由于相关函数具有分析时间序列拟序结构的能力，且近似熵从统计的角度区别时间过程的复杂性，因此，提出将信号相关分析和近似熵理论相结合的方法，提取泄漏声信号&不可重复&的特征，辨识管道泄漏故障发生；在实际检测现场，由于各种管内和管外固定声源噪声(如阀门噪声、工地施工噪声等)常导致泄漏误判和漏点定位错误，重点分析了管内固定噪声源的产生机理和特征，为复杂干扰环境下的泄漏辨识提供理论支持。

This paper is based on the analysis of an authentic recorded experiment of Chinese college students' grammar errors in English Writing , attempting to utilize language learning and teaching theories related to errors in the light of thinking mode to probe a more effective way to treat the second language (L2) writing errors.

摘 要：本文基于真实实验，在思维模式的层面上探索中国大学生英语写作中的语法错误，利用与错误相关的语言学习和教学理论进行分析，讨论怎样更有效地处理第二语言写作中的错误。

First, this section analyzes the error drifts in bit rate adaptation transcoding, including error drift caused by motion re-estimation and error drift of the pixel-domain transcoding compared with the compressed transcoding.

首先，分析了码率调整型转码算法中存在的若干错误漂移问题：运动估计带来的错误漂移；相对于压缩域转码器，像素域转码器的错误漂移。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。