链体

Poptosis-inducing factor is a mitochondrion-localized flavoprotein with NADH oxidoreductase activity, which is encoded by the nuclear gene. Following induction of apoptosis, AIF is released from mitochondria and translocated to cytosol, and then to the nucleus. The mechanism of AIF translocation from mitochondria to nucleus is still unclear. It has been suggested that translocation is due to the presence of nuclear localization signal.

bstract： AIF(apoptosis-inducing factor)为位在粒线体内膜膜上之蛋白质，在正常细胞中，能够藉由维持电子传递链复合体I的稳定性，进而影响细胞能量的产生及自由基的清除，并且也会维持粒线体的构造；反之，当细胞遭受到不当刺激时，粒线体膜通透性改变，使得原本存在於粒腺体间质中之AIF，被释放出来，进入细胞核内造成DNA片段化，进一步促进细胞凋亡。

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In the frist part, it was simply summarized that the application of microbial transformation and the two important reactions:side chain cleavage and hydroxylation of steroid respectively.

第一部分，首先对微生物转化技术的应用和两个重要的甾体转化反应-甾体边链降解反应和甾体羟基化反应进行了简要综述。

The chain-extending reaction of PBA prepolymers with tricaprolactamyl phosphite was carried out under a reduced pressure.

研究了扩链温度、扩链剂用量、预聚体的结构和制备方法等对扩链反应的影响。

Result showed that tetrasubstituted calix [4] arenes in lower rim were stronger complex abilities than bisubstituted calix [4] arene with transition metal, heavy metal and rare earth ions. But when introducing the aminephenolicalcohols in the 1, 3-bisubstituted calix [4] arenes, the complex abilities were improved.

结果表明：在Lower rim上四取代的杯[4]芳烃配体比1，3-二取代的杯[4]芳烃配体对过渡金属离子，重金属离子及稀土离子有更好的配位能力，但当1，3-二取代的取代基上引入醇胺链型配体时，对金属离子也有很好的配位能力。

From the structural analysis of three praseodymium complexes, we could draw a conclusion that as the dentate arms of carboxyl group on ligands elongating, the coordination numbers of Pr and the coordination modes of ligands increase, and the mean distances between metallic atoms of metallic helices existing in these complexes augment.2. By altering 5-substituting group of isophthalic acid three series of lanthanide complexes 8～19 with 5-methylisophthalic acid and 5-nitroisophthalic acid have been prepared.

从得到的三个配体的镨配合物的结构分析可以看出，随配体的羧基齿臂的增长，Pr的配位数逐渐增大，配体的配位模式增多，配合物中存在的螺旋金属链中的金属间平均距离增大。2、通过改变间苯二甲酸配体的5位取代基，制备了5-甲基间苯二甲酸和5-硝基间苯二甲酸的三个系列稀土羧酸配合物8～19。

Adjacent helical chains are racemic. The Ag atom is linked to two nitrogen atoms of the 2-pyridyl and 4'-pyridyl groups from two different 2,4'-bpy ligands as well as to the oxygen atom of the counterion. In 17 and 19, the adjacent helical chains are linked to wavy two-dimensional network structures by the nitrate counterions.

相邻的螺旋链间是外消旋的，Ag 原子与分别来自两个不同2，4'-联吡啶的2-吡啶基和4'-吡啶基的氮原子以及阴离子的氧原子配位，在配合物17和19中，相邻聚合螺旋链被硝酸根离子桥连接起来，变成了一个波浪形的二维网络结构；配合物18是首次通过无桥连配体支持的Ag ××× Ag键将相邻螺旋链连接成二维非穿插的网络结构。

Beta-thalassemia major is a serious hereditary hemolytic anemia which does great harm to human being.It is a monogenic disease characterised by a reduced synthesis of beta-globin chains,which dues to the Doint mutation or deletion of beta-globin gene and its control region.It not only decreases the hemoglobin level,but breaks the balance of alpha/beta synthesis ratio.The major cellular pathogenetic mechanisms in beta thalassemia are based primarily on the deleterious effects produced by the accumulation of the excess alpha globin chain.These excess alpha-globin chains cannot form stable tetrameric structure and deposit in erythroid cells.They cause large ineffective erythropoiesis on their own,accelerate red cells destruction,and lead to hemolysis.

地中海贫血是一种对人类健康危害严重的遗传性溶血性贫血病，是因β-珠蛋白基因及其调控序列的点突变或缺失致使β-珠蛋白肽链合成减少或完全停止，这不仅使患者血红蛋白水平降低，而且使原来在数量上与之持平的α-珠蛋白肽链相对过剩，这些相对过剩的游离α-珠蛋白肽链并不能形成稳定的四聚体，它们沉积在红细胞中导致了大量无效红细胞生成和红细胞寿命缩短，引起了严重的溶血性贫血。

On the base of probabilistic and statistics results of joints and cracks, the Author modifies Block Theory. The sliding probability of Key Block is I A RSTR A CT F2 ? 5.It is put up forward that GM(l,1) Model to predict Amount of rainfall, and Markov Chain to modifY GM( 1,1 )predicting result, and then a theoretical predicting Model of amount of rainfall is firstly built. This model is applied in a situ example. It is proved that the model is very useful to predict amount of rainfall ,when ordinal array of Amount of rainfall changes in unexact index rule.

首次将节理裂隙视为有限长，借助有关岩体节理裂隙概率统计研究成果，对块体理论进行修正，确定了关键块体变为滑动块体概率计算公式为 5、本文提出采用GM（1，1）模型预测降雨量，而采用Markov链进行修正的方法，首次用该方法建立了大气降雨量预测的理论模型，并结合实例进行具体应用，解决了当降雨量的时间序列呈不严格的指数规律变化时，大气降雨量的预测问题。

The central 5, 5'-disubstituted bipyridine units of each ligand coordinate theNi or Fe ion, while all the terminal 6-monosubstituted bipyridine units of the ligands keep free of coordination, as the result trinuclear triple-stranded helicate 〓 can not form. This is considered to be caused by the steric hindrance of the methylene substituents α to the chelating nitrogens of the terminal bipyridine units and the strain caused by linkage mode.

配体L〓与Ag作用得到〓，两个配体链相互缠绕着两个Ag离子周围形成双股螺旋结构并以头尾式排列(见图3)，由于配体中位于配位N原子α或β位的末端甲基或次甲基取代基的空间位阻阻碍了头对头式异构体的形成，也正是由于配体头尾式排列而使Ag双股螺旋得以形成，这一结果表明该螺旋体的组装过程中自发地采取了空间阻碍尽可能小的那个构型。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。