链体

It was observed that the Pt 4f binding energies in the same-sized Pt nanoclusters modified with alkylamine, alkylthiol, PVP, PVA or PPh〓 increase by 0.5-0.8eV relative to those of bulk Pt.

观察到具有相同金属尺寸的Pt金属内核而外层配体分别为长链胺、长链硫醇、PVP、PVA或PPh〓的纳米簇的Pt 4f电子结合能相对于块体Pt样品升高了0.5-0.8eV。

The soluble tetra-alkyl phthalocyanine compounds have the following general structure, wherein Rn represents straight-chain or branching chain alkane, n represents the number of straight-chain or branching chain alkane, M represents center ligand of bivalence or more, L represents axial ligand, X represents the number of L.

该可溶性四烷基酞菁化合物符合如下结构通式：结构通式中，Rn代表直链或支化链的烷烃，n代表直链或支化链的烷烃的数目，M代表二价或二价以上的中心配体，L代表轴向配体，X代表L的数目。

Chinaberry witches'broom, Ziziphus jujube witches'broom, Mulberry dwarf disease, JWB and Paulownia witches' broom phytoplasmas were identified by comparative studies of PCR amplify of phytoplasmal 16SrDNA、23rDNA and ribosomal protein gene, heteroduplex mobility assay, RFLP of PCR-amplified products (16S rDNA), cloning and sequence analysis of 16SrDNA and rp gene. An efficient procedure for rapid identification and differentiation of phytoplasmas was established, which could identify and differentiate phytoplasma collected from field.

通过对桑萎缩病、枣疯病、酸枣丛枝病、泡桐丛枝病和苦楝丛枝病植原体16SrDNA、23SrDNA和核糖体蛋白基因的PCR扩增、异源双链迁移率分析、16SrDNA PCR产物的限制性片段多态性分析以及植原体16SrDNA和rp基因的克隆和序列分析等比较研究，建立了一种快速确定未知植原体种类和分类地位的分子鉴别与鉴定优化程序；此程序可对田间采集的各种植物植原体样品直接进行快速鉴定和鉴别。

Based on which then digesting and absorbing, we should develop the effective dynamic simulation software based on Spatial Operator Algebra,for the sake of providing effective simulation software for the elecmechanical project sphere of

0算法的程序实现，本文在Mathemati.a环境下编制了链式多体系统空间算子代数符号分析程序，并用其推导了若干算例动力学方程的显示表达；此外，本文还在Delphi环境下编制了链式多体系统正反向动力学数值分析软件。

Caprolactam grafted carbon fibre could improve the initial crystallization temperature and the crystallization rate more obviously than ungrafted carbon fibre. The crystallization of nylon 6 was determined by nucleation. The nonisothermal crystallization dynamics was well coincident with the rule of both of Jeziorny and Liu equation. isothermal crystallization dynamics fitted to Avrami equation.

用广角X射线衍射法对晶型结构进行研究，表明碳纤维使原生态的样品中α晶型的含量降低，结晶度下降，其中接枝聚己内酰胺链段的碳纤维／MC尼龙6原位复合材料中α晶型的含量比未接枝的碳纤维／Me尼龙6原位复合材料的多，结晶度也较大：样品淬火时，碳纤维有利于基体尼龙6结晶时形成γ型晶体，接枝聚己内酰胺链段的碳纤维更有利于基体尼龙6结晶时形成γ型晶体；淬火后的样品在200℃下退火2个小时后γ晶型完全转变为α晶型。

Naphthalene and its derivatives perhaps derived from the dealkylation of macromolecular with cycle diterpenoid skeleton in algal cells during thermal evolution process. These macromolecular break down to form alkylnaphthalene with different long alkyl chain.

萘及衍生物可能是藻体中具环状二萜类骨架的大分子在热演化过程中发生去烷基化作用生成，藻体中具长链烷基环状二萜类骨架化合物在热演化过程中烷基发生断裂，生成烷基链长度不等的烷基萘。

B. Three novel dimeric dissymmetric chiral ligands and six chain binuclear Salen complexes were synthesized and characterized by FT-IR,〓HNMR, Elemental analyses, UV-vis, furthermore the CD spectra properties of the ligands and complexes were discussed in detail for the first time.

合成了三个未见报道的链式双Salen配体和六个链式双核Salen金属配合物，通过核磁共振波谱、元素分析、红外光谱、紫外-可见光谱进行了表征，并首次详讨论了手性配体及配合物的圆二色光谱性质。

This observation supports intermolecular aggregation of long chain indoles in poor solvents, The microscopic polarity in aggregates is similar to that in cyclohexane. The distribution of indoles between bulk solution and aggregates was determined by time resolved fluorescence technique.

表明长链吲哚衍生物在混合溶剂中发生簇集，簇集体中微环境的极性和环己烷相似，利用时间分辨荧光光谱计算出长链吲哚衍生物在溶液本体相和簇集体中的分布。

By means of molecular designing, a series of sodium branched-alkyl benzene sulfonates weresynthesized through seven process, involving Frieded-Crafts reaction, Grignard reaction, sulfonationand neutralization. Those isomers have similar structure, carbons of same quantity, but the position ofalkylaryl dissimilarity. Liner fat acid, metaxylene and halogenated hydrocarbon of different carbonnumber were used as the starting materials. Optimum processing condition was confirmed consideringinfluence of a series of reaction factors such as feed proportioning, quantity of catalysts, quantitysolvent, reaction time, temperature and pressure. Eight kinds of isomers of sodium hexadecylxylolsulfonates were finally synthesized, and characterized by FT-IR.

本文通过分子设计，以不同碳数直链脂肪酸、间二甲苯以及不同碳数的卤代烷为原料，经酰基化、格氏反应、加氢还原、磺化及中和等反应，合成了结构相似、烷烃链碳数一定、芳基在烷烃链不同位置的烷基芳基磺酸盐同分异构体；并考察了原料配比、催化剂用量、反应时间、反应温度、溶剂用量、反应压力等一系列因素对各反应的影响，进而确定最佳工艺条件，最终合成出十六烷基二甲苯磺酸钠的八种同分异构体，利用 FT-IR 对产物结构进行了分析。

In this paper,a definition of disaster chain is given from three angles,that is function,structure and essence,and the concept of disaster link and the object to cause disaster,moving or static impacted hazard object are suggested.

本文从功能、结构和本质三个角度给出了灾害链的定义，提出了灾害环、致灾体和可能受灾体的概念，对现实中的大气灾害链进行了分类；分析了它们的共性与个性。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。