链与链之间

The design pattern is used to bewrite the decomposite of non-function requires,the relation between non-function requires and SA is set up with structure workflows.The non-function attributes of software architectures are evaluated synthetically based on structure workflows and component combinational operations. According to the evaluation result, a model on software architecture evolution based-on non-function requirements is given.

在软件体系结构描述的基础上，本文使用设计模式描述了非功能需求的分解，使用结构工作链建立了非功能需求与软件体系结构之间的关联，使用结构工作链和组合运算对软件体系结构的非功能属性进行评估，并利用评估结果，提出了一种基于非功能需求的软件体系结构演化方法。

First, the precursor polymer with azobenzene groups on main-chain was obtained by condensation polymerization between 4,4'-dihydroxyazobenzene and N,N-(2-bromoethyl)aniline through Williamson reaction. Then the azo polymer containing azobenzene groups both on main-chain and side-chain was prepared through an azo-coupling reaction between the precursor polymer and the diazonium salt of 4-nitroaniline.

设计并合成了一种新型的主侧链均含偶氮生色团的聚合物，首先通过4，4'-二羟基偶氮苯与N，N-二溴乙基苯胺之间的Williamson反应缩聚得到主链含偶氮苯基团的先驱聚合物，再通过重氮偶合反应得到目标产物，并利用核磁共振、红外光谱、紫外可见光谱、热分析等手段确认了所制备聚合物的结构。

In order to implement the algorithm, a linearization method is applied in an extremely short sampling cycle to calculate the increments of torque and flux magnitude, to derive the linear equation between the desired stator flux linkage vector increment angle and the increments of torque and flux magnitude, to derive the stator voltage vector reference and to determine the next position of the stator flux linkage vector.

算法的实现运用了线性化的方法，在一个极小的采样周期内，计算出转矩增量和磁通增量，以此推导出所需的定子磁链增量角与转矩增量及磁通增量两者之间的线性方程，进一步导出所需的定子电压矢量，并确定新的定子磁链位置。

The comparisons of biochemistry between OP and OR rats The differences between OP and OR rats included not only body weight, but lipids metabolism and insulin sensitivity as well, characterized with insulin resistance, increasing in serum free fatty acids and ketone body, and hepatic TC and TG in OP rats. However, no significant differences were observed in serum TG, TC, LDL, HDL and fasting glucose between OP and OR rats.⑶Comparisons of metabolites in serum, urine and liver tissue between OP and OR rats①There were significant differences in amino acids concentration between OP and OR rats,especially in liver tissue, such as high concentrations in ketogenic and glucogenic amino acids in OP rats, suggesting differences in amino acids metabolism;② The different metabolites between OP and OR rats included increasing of various saturated fatty acids and decreasing of polyunsaturated fatty acids in OP rats;③The urinary metabolites analysis indicated that different structure or metabolism of gut microflora might exist between the two phenotypes, which probably influenced the regulation of body weight gain;④The end-products of catecholamines in urine and intermediates of krebs cycle in serum in OP rats were all up-regulated, suggesting that the activity of sympatheic nervous system and energy metabolism was higher in OP rats than OR rats.

胰岛素耐受实验和胰岛素敏感指数表明OP动物的胰岛素敏感性较OR动物下降，而OP大鼠血清中游离脂肪酸、酮体、肝脏总胆固醇和甘油三酯水平显著升高；但是，OP与OR大鼠血清中总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白和空腹血糖等的水平并无显著性差异；⑶肥胖易感与肥胖抵抗大鼠血清、尿液和肝脏组织提取物中代谢物的比较研究表明：①OP与OR大鼠的血清、尿液和肝组织提取物中多种氨基酸的含量存在显著差异，并以肝组织中的差异氨基酸数量为最多，包括各种生酮和生糖氨基酸水平在OP组的升高，说明氨基酸代谢的差异是两种体重表型大鼠之间存在的重要差异特征之一；②OP与OR动物肝脏和血清差异代谢物中包含多种饱和长链脂肪酸的升高如十四烷酸、十六烷酸、硬脂酸等和多不饱和脂肪酸的下降如亚油酸和花生四烯酸，说明两种体重表型动物的肝脏脂肪酸代谢存在明显差异；③长期高脂饮食喂养后，动物的尿液代谢物分析表明OP与OR动物体内的肠道菌群结构存在差异，这些菌群上的差别可能在动物体重增长的调节上产生影响；④与OR动物相比，OP动物尿液代谢物中儿茶酚胺类递质的代谢终产物如高香草酸、扁桃酸和4-羟基苯乙酸明显升高。

The results indicated that the nanocomposites under applied magnetic field exhibited the hysteresis loops of...

结果表明，复合物在室温外加磁场下表现出亚铁磁性物质具有的磁滞现象，铁氧体颗粒对苯胺的聚合起到了核的作用；复合物中铁氧体与聚苯胺之间存在着比较明显的键合作用，探讨了铁氧体与聚合物分子链之间的键合机制。

From the calculations, it can be found that the van der Waals interactions, the hydrophobic interactions, as well as the H-bonding interactions are crucial for the ligand binding. The 4-phenylamino group can produce strong van der Waals adn hydrophobic interactions with the nonpolar side chains of the residues deep in the binding cleft. The R^1 and R^2 substituents on the bicyclic chromophore can also produce strong van der Waals and hydrophobic interactions with the residues located at the exterior part of the binding pocket. Moreover, the two N atoms of the quinazoline can form H-bonds with EGFR, which will produce significant contribution to biological activities. The calculated nonbonded interactions between anilinoquinazolines and EGFR, as well as the information obtained from the predicted complexes, can interpret the structure-activities of the inhibitors well, which can afford us important information for structure-based drug design.

从模拟结果得到的抑制剂和靶酶之间的相互作用模式表明范德华相互作用、疏水相互作用以及氢键相互作用对抑制剂的活性都有重要的影响，抑制剂的苯胺部分位于活性口袋的底部，能够与受体残基的非极性侧链产生很强的范德华和疏水相互作用，抑制剂双环上的取代基团也能和活性口袋外部的部分残基形成一定的范德华和疏水性相互作用，而抑制剂喹唑啉环上的氮原子能和周围的残基形成较强的氢键相互作用，对抑制剂的活性有较大的影响，计算得到抑制剂和靶酶之间的非键相互作用能以及抑制剂和靶酶之间的相互作用信息能够很好地解释抑制剂活性和结构的关系，为全新抑制剂的设计提供了重要的结构信息。

Yellow-throated marten\'s relationship is between Stone marten and Fisher marten.Fisher marten is the first species who was divided from Martes.The second one were Yellow-throated marten and Stone marten.Based on the analysis of the fossil note,Martes came from Central Europe,Fisher marten,Yellow-throated marten and Stone marten belonged to a branch which evolved to temperate zone.Boreal forest martens was another branch which evolved to cold environment.It is suggested that Yellow-throated marten and Fisher martenwere ascertained genus separately.4、By contrasting and analyzing 11 complete mitochondrial control region gene sequences of Mustelidae,the extended termination associated sequence domain、the central domain and the conserved sequence block domain were identified.A extended termination associated sequence(ETAS1) and eight conserved sequence(CSB-F、E、D、C、B、1、2、3) was indicated,and sequence mode was presented.Different kind of short repeat sequences were found between CSB1 and CSB2.With wolf as the outgroup,the phylogenetic evolution relationship of Mustelidae was analyzed using the neighbor-joining method.

而基于鼬亚科动物线粒体DNA12种重链编码蛋白基因序列及石貂和渔貂线粒体ND2和cyt b全序列，以狼、狗獾和水獭为外类群，应用NJ、MP和ML法构分别构建貂属和貂熊的系统进化树，结果表明：紫貂与日本貂亲缘关系较美洲貂近，石貂与真貂亚属亲缘关系较近，黄喉貂介于石貂和渔貂之间；渔貂是最早从貂属分化出的种类，其次是黄喉貂和石貂；结合化石记录分析，貂属起源于中欧地区，渔貂、黄喉貂和石貂属于一个向温带进化的分支，而真貂亚属为另外一个向寒冷环境进化的分支，建议将黄喉貂和渔貂分别定为单独的属。4、比对并分析11种鼬科动物线粒体DNA控制区序列，识别出延长终止序列区、中央区和保守序列区3个区域，指出了一个终止相关序列ETAS1及8个保守序列(CSB-F、E、D、C、B、1、2和3)，并给出了序列通式，在CSB1和CSB2之间发现具有不同形式的短串联重复序列。

The result shows that for both PCL homopolymers and PCL-b-PEG block copolymers, the spherulitic linear growth rate first increases with molecular weight and reaches a maximum, then decreases as molecular weight increases. Crystallization temperature has greater influence on the spherulitic growth rate of polymers with higher molecular weight.

当自由PEG在水中的占有面积S_o与单根PEG链段所占有的表面积S的比值S_o／S的值接近或小于3时，PEG链段对胶束形状的影响较小，PCL嵌段的影响占主导地位，易形成片状胶束；当S_o／S的值在3-10之间时，随着PCL嵌段分子量的增加，PCL-b-PEG嵌段共聚物在水溶液中自组装形成类似球状、棒状和蠕虫状胶束，是PEG与PCL嵌段共同的作用的结果；当S_o／S的值大于10时，易形成球状胶束。

WD40 domain, found in a number of eukaryotic proteins that cover a wide variety of functions including adaptor/regulatory modules in signal transduction, pre-mRNA processing and cytoskeleton assembly; typically contains a GH dipeptide 11-24 residues from its N-terminus and the WD dipeptide at its C-terminus and is 40 residues long, hence the name WD40; between GH and WD lies a conserved core; serves as a stable propeller-like platform to which proteins can bind either stably or reversibly; forms a propeller-like structure with several blades where each blade is composed of a four-stranded anti-parallel b-sheet; instances with few detectable copies are hypothesized to form larger structures by dimerization; each WD40 sequence repeat forms the first three strands of one blade and the last strand in the next blade; the last C-terminal WD40 repeat completes the blade structure of the first WD40 repeat to create the closed ring propeller-structure; residues on the top and bottom surface of the propeller are proposed to coordinate interactions with other proteins and/or small ligands; 7 copies of the repeat are present in this alignment.

WD40域，在真核蛋白质的数量发现，涵盖了包括各种功能适配器/信号转导，mRNA前体细胞骨架组装加工和管理模式；通常包含一个从11月24日生长激素肽的N残留端和西部数据肽在其C端和40残留长，因此得名WD40；之间的生长激素和WD是一个保守的核心，作为一个稳定的螺旋桨式平台，可以绑定的蛋白可以稳定或可逆性；形式与每个刀片是一个四叶片组成的几个类似结构的螺旋桨，搁浅反平行β-负债表；很少检测副本实例假设，形成了聚大结构，每个WD40重复序列形成了前三个链的一个刀片，并在未来的刀片上链，最后C -末端WD40重复完成了第一WD40重复叶片结构，创造螺旋桨的封闭环结构，对螺旋桨顶部和底部表面残留物，则建议协调与其他蛋白质和/或小配体； 7重复副本存在于相互作用这条路。

Based on these results, it is reasonable to assume that cationic surfactant could form well-stabilized films on the surface of partially hydrated polyacrylamide solution, as a result a kind of surface active complex was formed between cationic surfactant and HPAM.

总之，本论文系统研究了阳离子表面活性剂和不同水解度的聚丙烯酰胺之间的相互作用，发现阳离子表面活性剂能在HPAM水溶液表面成膜，这和表面活性剂的HLB值有关，还与HPAM的水解度以及溶液的pH值有关；两者之间的静电引力是主要驱动力，这一过程又被表面活性剂链之间的疏水相互作用所增强。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。