银行信用

It uses the subjective game model to analyze the Chinese finance institution reform from government appropriation to bank lending, and uses the moral hazard model to analyze the non-stock-market state-owned enterprises manager skulduggery behavior for obtaining the bank loan. At last, the paper uses the reputation effects model to analyze the 'prisoner dilemma' problem because SOE high-debt made the bank reduction loan.

通过建立主观博弈模型分析了在我国融资体制从财政拨款融资到银行贷款融资的变革过程中的非上市国有企业高负债型资本结构的历史成因；对当前市场信用缺失的现实原因，通过建立不完全信息博弈的道德风险模型分析了非上市国有企业的经理人员为了获取国有银行的贷款采取谎报利润、贿赂等道德风险行为；以及建立声誉效应模型分析由于非上市国有企业的信誉缺失，造成银行"惜贷"现象的囚徒困境问题。

If a seller extends credit to a time draft, they have made a trade acceptance The seller can

如卖方开出的是远期汇票，以此向买方提供信用，此时就做了一笔商业汇票承兑业务，卖方可以请银行买下商业承兑汇票，银行用这个办法对出口商融资，也就是说，银行对该汇票贴现了。

If a seller extends credit to a time draft, they have made a trade acceptance The seller can request that the bank finance the transaction by buying the draft The bank is said to discount the draft.

如卖方开出的是远期汇票，以此向买方提供信用，此时就做了一笔商业汇票承兑业务，卖方可以请银行买下商业承兑汇票，银行用这个办法对出口商融资，也就是说，银行对该汇票贴现了。

If a seller extends credit to a time draft, they have made a trade acceptance. The seller can request the bank finance the transaction by buying the draft.

如卖方开出的是远期汇票，以此向买方提供信用，此时就做了一笔商业汇票承兑业务，卖方可以请银行买下商业承兑汇票，银行用这个办法对出口商融资，也就是说，银行对该汇票贴现了。

A conclusion is drawn that erogeneity is the main reason of the unsoundness of rural financial system. After the establishment of People' Republic of China, a strategy of taking advance in heavy industry development has been followed for a long time.

在我国广大的农村地区，农村信用合作社走过了由"民办"到"官办"、再到国有银行基层经营机构的发展路程；中国农业银行作为从事农业信贷的国有专业银行，也经历了"四次成立，三次撤消"的四起三落的变动。

A conclusion is drawn that erogeneity is the main reason of the unsoundness of rural financial system. After the establishment of People' Republic of China, a strategy of taking advance in heavy industry development has been followed for a long time.

在我国广大的农村地区，农村信用合作社走过了由&民办&到&官办&、再到国有银行基层经营机构的发展路程；中国农业银行作为从事农业信贷的国有专业银行，也经历了&四次成立，三次撤消&的四起三落的变动。

" Mortgage-free, non-guaranteed loan only foreign rows and MCC has ", a joint-stock Bank Manager Mr Shi said that Chinese-funded line at the moment the introduction of personal loan business mainly divided into two types: one is about to be hypothecated, on a regular basis in the line of the time deposit amount in accordance with the 10% discount on impawning, the BLR for the people's Bank base rate, as well as those that the mortgage loan, which is a force pushing the Bank loan products.

&免抵押、免担保信用贷款只有外资行和小额贷款公司有&，某股份制银行理财经理施先生说，中资行目前推出的个人小额贷款业务主要分为两种，一种是定期存单质押，即将在该行的定期存款金额按照9折质押，贷款利率则为人民银行公布的基准利率；还有一种是房产抵押贷款，这也是银行力推的个贷产品。

If any bank financial institution other than Bank of China Limited dispatches second beneficiary's documents directly to L/C issuing bank for approval and payment and hence, precludes the first beneficiary from substituting their documents, that bank financial institution will hold full liability for indemnifying the injured party for all losses that may result from so doing.

如果除了中国银行之外的任何银行金融机构对于核准和支付直接地到信用证信用状开证银行限制了发货第二受益人的单据和因此，从代理他们的单据预防第一受益人，因此做，那一个银行金融机构将会举行为可能由于的所有丧失补偿损失受害人的全部责任。

Bank sources told reporters that the key is in fact now unreasonable categories, personal loans purchase operations at least three risk protection : First, protect property suffered major accidents and natural disasters, the risk of collateral damage to housing property insurance; Second, lenders regular credit life insurance, mainly in the loan owing on the loan period of injury as a result of illness or accident and incapacity or death of bank guarantee safe recovery loans to the families of those who continue to live; Third mortgage purchase insurance performance bond, mainly because when the guarantor of death, unemployment causes an inability owing on the loan, insurance companies on behalf of their debt to banks liquidated I, at the same time exercise the right to recover from the collateral, or to the insured recover compensation awards; Now the market is the impact of policies, mostly property insurance, and lack of a man-made object of the life insurance products.

银行有关人士告诉记者，其实现在不合理的关键是险种问题，个人贷款购房业务至少需要三类风险保障：一是主要保障房产遭受意外事故和自然灾害毁损的风险的抵押住房的财产保险；二是贷款者的定期信用人寿保险，主要是在还贷期内贷款人因疾病或意外伤害而丧失工作能力或死亡的情况下，保证银行能安全收回贷款，贷款者的家人能继续居住；三是抵押贷款购房履约保证保险，主要是在当被担保人因为死亡、失业等约定原因无力还贷时，保险公司代其向银行清偿余债，同时行使追偿权，从抵押物中得到补偿。。。。。。

This study adopts Duan, Moreau and Sealey (1995)option model,to a recent evaluation of the year 2008, starting the global financial turmoil as the object of study of commercial banks in Taiwan, using commercial markets and financial data to estimation of deposit insurance value, interest rate risk, and credit risks.

本研究采用Duan， Moreau and Sealey (1995)选择权评价模型，以最近2008年起始全球金融风暴期间的台湾商业银行为研究对象，并以商业银行的市场与财务资料为投入变数，推估商业银行的市场净值、存款保险价值、利率风险、及信用风险。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。