银行业

Since China＇s reform and open to the world,especially from the China Banking Regulatory Commission exercised bank supervision independently,we have made great progress in the work of bank supervision,which is heading for the scientific,legal and normal orbit gradually.

改革开放以来，尤其是中国银行业监督管理委员会行使银行监管职能以来，我国的银行监管工作取得了较大成绩，逐步走上了科学化、法制化、规范化的轨道。

Through the above-mentioned result, this research hopes that can provide the bank an actual situation reference.

经由上述结果，本研究希望能提供银行业一个管理层面的参考。

A banking financial institution shall file the application form and related material to the local branch institution of the People's Bank of China

银行业金融机构应向中国人民银行当地分支机构报送申请书及相关材料

Secondly, it summarizes development and gradual progress about operational risk measurement. Analyzes and compares two main categories at present: bottom-up and top-down, and Loss Distribution Approach of top-down and Income Model of bottom-up is studied deeply, then finds out the main challenges of operational risk measure methods. Thirdly, taking examples for Shanghai Pudong Development Bank and Shenzhen Development Bank, it demonstrates operational risk measurement of our banking using Basic Indicator Approach and Income Model of bottom-up. And by comparing its effects with analysis result of concrete loss incidents of operational risk, it is approved that to apply operational risk measurement to our banking is feasibility. Finally, the paper analyzes difficulties to measure operational risk, such as weak consciousness of measuring operational risk, short of effective modern measuring model, behindhand of loss data collection and lack of perfect inside management mechanism of measurement, and then gives some advices.

接着总结了操作风险度量方法的发展演进过程，对目前度量操作风险的两类主流方法&自下而上&法和&自上而下&法进行了详细的分析和比较，分别选取&自下而上&的损失分布法和&自上而下&的收入模型法展开深入研究，并剖析了操作风险度量方法面临的主要挑战；接着以&浦东发展银行&和&深圳发展银行&为例，选用&自上而下&的基本指标法和收入模型法进行了操作风险度量的实证分析，并将分析结果与使用具体损失事件的实际操作风险分析结果进行了比较，证实了操作风险度量方法应用于我国的可行性；最后文章对我国银行业度量操作风险中存在的现实困难进行了深入探讨，指出了我国存在操作风险度量认识障碍、缺乏适用的现代操作风险度量模型、损失数据收集工作滞后以及操作风险度量缺乏完善的内部管理机制保证四大方面的现实问题，并提出了对策建议。

We also know a competitive, stronger banking sector will be one with better-informed and protected customers.

我们还知道，一个具有竞争力、更加强大的银行业，其客户将获得更多知情权，并得到更好的保护。

Using data on national banks from the 1920s and 1930s, we show that branch banking increases competition and forces weak banks to exit the banking system.

利用20世纪20年代及30年代国家银行数据，我们能证实开设分行业务加巨了竞争，迫使无竞力的银行退出银行业。

Industry: tourism, cattle raising, timber, banking.

主要产业是旅游、养牛、养羊、木材、银行业。

Finally, the macro-economic changes may also be cut off funds in real estate and banking chain.

最后，宏观经济的变化也可能切断资金在房地产和银行业链。

The analyses of the customer-based private banking value chain had also not yet been found in Taiwan.

回顾以往国内相关银行业文献，对於财富管理或私人银行业务的探讨并不多，而且对於以顾客为导向研究私人银行业务价值链的研究则尚未发现。

This mode refers to such a method wherebythe internal system of a banking financial institution can, in light of thestipulated message formats, directly send all kinds of check imagebusinesses to the Image Exchange System.

该方式是指，银行业金融机构行内系统按照约定的报文格式直接向影像交换系统发送各类支票影像业务。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。