银行

The chapter describes the state owned commercial bank current situation, the key issues faced, pointing out the shortage of property right system, management system, organization system, badness assets and capital abundance ratio, etc., drawing the conclusion that the stock systematic reform is the outlet of state owned commercial bank reform.

在股份制具体形式的选择上，通过对两类股份制公司形式的比较，论证股份有限公司制是国有商业银行股份制改革的最佳模式，并认为在组织形式上应由总分行制改为集团公司制；在产权结构上，探讨了只有建立现代商业银行制度，才能真正实现国有商业银行的产权清晰、权责明确、政企分开、管理科学；在公司治理模式上，强调建立真正的法人治理结构，较为详细地介绍了国有商业银行的股东大会、董事会、监事会等组织结构框架及作用；最后探讨了国有商业银行股份制改革需要注意的几个问题及风险防范。

Secondly, the author completely combs and sums up the credit system at different stage. The thesis analyzes the transformation of China's credit system after the foundation of New China. The thesis compares the characteristics and performance of different credit system; understand the historical status of credit system, Summarizes the deficiency in order to improve credit system arrangement.Thirdly, by analyzing an example of how middle size enterprises finance, we conclude that middle and small size company can avoid credit admeasure by the innovation of credit system.

论文分析了从新中国成立至今我国商业银行信贷制度的变迁，通过对不同阶段信贷制度安排的特点以及绩效的比较，了解我国商业银行信贷制度的历史状况，并总结不足，以有利于今后更好的完善。3、通过一个中小企业融资的案例的实证分析，得出银行信贷制度的创新可以使小企业的信贷避免遭遇信贷配给，同时大银行利用平台贷款可以在小企业贷款中降低交易成本，获取比较优势。4、对商业银行信贷制度做了具体细致的研究。

Through analyzing the essence of investment bank, this paper is intended to contrast and compare the characteristics between investment and commercial bank.

本文通过对投资银行的本质问题进行分析，区别比较了投资银行与商业银行的特点，运用比较分析的方法对西方国家投资银行监管的有关法律加以研究，系统的论述了投资银行监管的一般理论及其具体内容。

At present a country release of currency into circulation's channel mainly has:1st, the Central Bank buys the bank note issuing stock gol; 2nd, Central Bank purchases the reserve foreign exchange; 3rd, Central Bank purchases the national debt or gives the government to overdraw; 4th, Central Bank to each kind of Loan company provide loan, or buys up the national debt which, the Central Bank bill, the financial bond the Loan company has and so on, and provides the loan through the Loan company to the society; 5th, after Loan company deposit taking, besides deposits the Central Bank certain proportion the guaranty money for deposits or maintains certain deposit deposit, provides the loan to the society, and forms the loan delivery the multiplier effect; 6th, outside Central Bank's each kind of bank purchase national debt, enterprise bond as well as foreign exchange and so on.

目前一国货币投放的渠道主要有：1、中央银行购入发钞储备黄金；2、央行购买储备外汇；3、央行购买国债或给予政府透支；4、央行向各类贷款银行发放贷款，或者买入贷款银行持有的国债、央行票据、金融债券等，并通过贷款银行向社会发放贷款；5、贷款银行吸收存款后，除交存央行一定比例的存款保证金或保持一定的备付金存款外，向社会发放贷款，并形成贷款投放的乘数效应；6、央行外的各类银行购买国债、企业债券以及外汇等。

One viewpoint is described like this: A customer enjoys property right of his bank account funds and he enjoys the right to control the funds directly, in other words, he enjoys ownership of bank account funds. The other viewpoint is described like this: A customer has transferred his ownership of the money-capital to the bank as soon as he deposits the money-capital he owns in the bank, so the customer only enjoys credit of bank account funds.

一种观点认为：存款客户对银行帐户资金拥有物权，存款客户享有直接支配银行帐户资金的权利，也就是说，客户对银行帐户资金享有所有权；另一种观点认为：存款客户将其所有的货币资金存入银行后，即将该货币资金的所有权让渡给了银行，存款客户对银行帐户资金只享有债权。

Journalist: after accession to WTO, domestic banking in－dustry in China will follow the newly revised Basle concordats.

韦卓思：对于中国的二级、三级银行，即市、县以下的银行来说，要达到巴塞尔资本协议规定的资本要求问题还不太大，难就难在四大国有商业银行，中国人民银行的官员讲过，在过去的十年里，国有商业银行在财政方面扮演了很重要的角色，要消除不良贷款需要很大的财源支持，要达到巴塞尔资本协议标准，这些银行需要很大的注资才能达到资本充足标准。

During the stay in school, I have had certain understanding to bank business through the studying of relevant courses like Money and Banking and International Finance. Although my major is International Trade Practice, I still found that there is certain business relationship of trade and bank. So we got relevant knowlege of banking on classes. Furthermore, the social practics also provided me with opportunity to know banking and be familiar with banking business,and even increase the interests of working in banks.

在校期间，通过学习货币银行学和国际金融等相关课程，对银行业务有一定了解；虽然专业是国际贸易实务，但贸易是与银行有一定的业务联系，所以课堂上老师也对相关的银行知识进行了讲解和传授；而且，假期的实践活动也为我提供了从实践中了解银行、熟悉银行业务的机会，并使我对银行的工作产生浓厚的兴趣。

BOCOM has developed a range of branded products well-represented by "Forex Kit","Pacific card" and "Fund Supermarket". BOCOM enjoys high accolades in the market and is a market leader in the banking industry. In 2005, as one of the three pilot banks to set up fund companies, BOCOM established the BOCOM-Schroeder Fund Management Co., Ltd., and launched the "Global card of the Chinese"–Pacific dual-currency credit card, featuring the logo of HSBC, BOCOM's strategic partner with the enrollment of 1,000,000 card in a year.

交通银行拥有以&外汇宝&、&太平洋卡&、&基金超市&为代表的一批品牌产品，在市场享有盛誉，市场份额在业内名列前茅。2005年，作为银行设立基金公司的三家试点银行之一，交通银行发起设立了交银施罗德基金管理公司，并成功发行两个基金产品；推出了带有战略合作伙伴汇丰银行标识的&中国人的环球卡&――太平洋双币信用卡，一年内在册卡量已突破100万张，标志着交通银行将在更为广阔的平台为海内外客户开展服务。

Under CFI we also include a number of institutions known as cooperative banks. The expression_r cooperative bank is often used to represent a CFI that holds a banking licence, but also a number of other very disparate structures, such as: the apex of a CFI network that holds a banking licence; a joint stock anking subsidiary of an apex of a CFI network; a joint-stock bank subsidiary of n apex of a non-financial cooperative network (U.K., Swizerland); or an entire network of CFI, usually with a relatively high level of integration that holds a banking licence (Netherlands' Rabobank ).

合作金融机构也包括大量名为&合作银行&的机构，&合作银行&通常指拥有银行牌照的合作金融机构，但也包括很多其他机构实体，如：合作金融机构体系中的中央机构；合作金融机构体系的中央机构下属的股份制银行；非金融的合作社体系的中央机构下属的股份制银行；或者整个合作金融网络体系，通常这样的合作金融网络体系融合程度很高，共同拥有一个银行牌照。

CMS is prohibited from conducting business with the following entities ("Section 311 entities"): Banco Delta Asia; VEF Banka; Commercial Bank of Syria; Syrian Lebanese Commercial Bank; Myanmar Mayflower Bank; Asia Wealth Bank; Any Burmese banking institution, including foreign branches; And any subsidiaries of the above entities.

CMS 被禁止与以下机构（&第311条禁止合作的机构&）进行业务往来：澳门汇业银行；VEF Banka；叙利亚商业银行；叙利亚黎巴嫩商业银行（Syrian Lebanese Commercial Bank）；缅甸五月花银行；亚洲财富银行；任何缅甸银行机构，包括其境外分支机构；以及上述机构的任何分支机构。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。