铬酸盐

Effects of the components of chromating solution and influence of technological parameter on the chromate conversion coating are discussed.

研究了一种以钼酸盐为促进剂的铬酸盐转化处理工艺的配方和成膜机理，讨论了铬酸盐转化处理液中各组分的作用和工艺参数对铬酸盐转化膜层的影响，并对铝合金型材涂装前处理工艺流程和主要工序进行了说明。

The drying process of chrome liquor was studied. The structure and property of chrome complex reducing by alcohol were analysed and tokened by many present well-rounded separation and analysis methods such as IR, UV-Vis Spectrum, IEC and pH potentiometry. Application tests of chrome tanning agents were conducted and tanning methods of tanning at high pH were studied. A systematic study was conducted on high alkalinity chrome tanning agents application in leather making process and possibility of clean chrome tanning was discussed.

本文系统地研究了多种小分子醇与重铬酸盐之间的氧化-还原反应，对反应过程进行了认真的剖析；对铬鞣液的干燥过程进行了研究；用红外光谱法、紫外及可见分光光度法、离子色谱法以及pH电位滴定法等多种比较成熟的现代分离分析方法相结合，对醇还原铬配合物的结构与性能进行了分析与表征；对铬鞣剂的鞣革性能进行了应用实验，研究了醇铬鞣剂在高pH值下的鞣制方法，并就高碱度铬鞣剂在制革过程中的应用进行了系统研究，探讨了用其实施清洁化铬鞣的可能性。

The drying process of chrome liquor was studied. The structure andproperty of chrome complex reducing by alcohol were analysed and tokened by manypresent well-rounded separation and analysis methods such as IR, UV-Vis Spectrum,IEC and pH potentiometry. Application tests of chrome tanning agents wereconducted and tanning methods of tanning at high pH were studied. A systematic studywas conducted on high alkalinity chrome tanning agents application in leather makingprocess and possibility of clean chrome tanning was discussed.

本文系统地研究了多种小分子醇与重铬酸盐之间的氧化-还原反应，对反应过程进行了认真的剖析；对铬鞣液的干燥过程进行了研究；用红外光谱法、紫外及可见分光光度法、离子色谱法以及pH电位滴定法等多种比较成熟的现代分离分析方法相结合，对醇还原铬配合物的结构与性能进行了分析与表征；对铬鞣剂的鞣革性能进行了应用实验，研究了醇铬鞣剂在高pH值下的鞣制方法，并就高碱度铬鞣剂在制革过程中的应用进行了系统研究，探讨了用其实施清洁化铬鞣的可能性。

Influence of the concentration of Cr in the leachate and quantity of Pb(CH3COO)2 of Pb(NO3)2 on the reaction of synthesizing yellow chrome was also studied. Finally, according to the criterion and standard method in GB3184-82, some yellow chrome synthesized in the experiments was sampled and the concentration of PbCrO4 in these samples was determined. The following conclusion can be drawn from these experiments.

根据中华人民共和国国家标准GB3184-82中的规定铅铬黄颜料的技术质量指标和检测方法，测定了铬黄样品中铬酸铅含量的厂迄回【、矾士牢位论父泅仰yW盯皿'S川mS达标情况，结论如下：门）反应中重铬酸盐的浓度并不需要达到前人所提出的150～2509·L'的范围，在一定条件下低于此浓度时对铬黄生成反应并无不利影响。

Chromate treatment: Unless otherwise specified in the contract or order (see 6.2), the chromate treatment required for conversion to Type Ⅱ shall be a treatment in or with an aqueous solution of salts, acids, or both, to produce a continuous smooth, distinct protective film, distinctly colored iridescent bronze to brown including olive drab, yellow, and forest green.

铬酸盐处理：除非另有规定的合同或命令，铬治疗的需要转化为O型应为治疗或水溶液的盐，酸，或两者，生产持续平稳，独特的保护膜，彩色闪光明显的铜牌变成褐色包括橄榄树黄褐色，黄色和绿色的森林。

Contaminant cations such as calcium,magnesium,barium,strontium,and radium and anions such as fluoride ,nitrate,fulvates,humates,arsenate,selenate,chromate ,and anioic complexs of uranium can be removed from water by using ion exchange or adsoption onto activiated alumina.

具有污染能力的像Ca，Mg，Ba，Sr，Ra的阳离子，和像氟化物，硝化物，黄酸物，腐质酸物，砷酸盐，硒酸盐和铬酸盐的负离子以及像铀一样的负离子复合物可以通过离子交换和离子吸附从水中排除。

The changes of Cr and Fe concentration were measured during Co-culture experiment and slurry experiments. The microbial reducing ability of different chromate concentrations and the effect of chromate on dissimilatory iron reduction in paddy soil were investigated.

通过接种土壤微生物的混合培养及土壤泥浆培养试验，测定了厌氧培养过程中Cr和Fe浓度的变化，研究了不同浓度铬酸盐的微生物还原能力及不同浓度铬酸盐对水稻土中氧化铁还原的影响。

The Co-culture experiment and slurry experiments were applied to two paddy soil samples, which from Sichuan and Jiangxi provinces. The concentration varying of Crand Fe was measured in the course of incubation to study the chromate reducing capability of microbe and effect of chromate on dissimilatory iron reduction .

采用四川和江西水稻土为供试土壤，通过接种土壤微生物的混合培养及土壤悬液培养试验，测定厌氧培养过程中Cr和Fe的浓度变化，研究了不同浓度铬酸盐的微生物还原能力及不同铬酸盐浓度下氧化铁的还原能力。

A chromium free conversion coating at least equivalent in corrosion protective quality to conventional chromate conversion coatings can be formed on metals, particularly cold rolled steel, by a dry-in-place aqueous acidic liquid comprising: a component of anions, each of said anions consisting of at least four fluorine atoms and at least one atom of an element selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, silicon, and boron, and, optionally, ionizable hydrogen atoms, and optionally, one or more oxygen atoms; a component of cations of elements selected from the group consisting of cobalt, magnesium, manganese, zinc, nickel, tin, zirconium, iron, and copper; the ratio of the total number of cations of this component to the total number of anions of component being at least 1:5; sufficient free acid to give the composition a pH in the range from 0.5 to 5.0; a component selected from the group consisting of phosphorus-containing inorganic oxyanions and phosphonate anions; and a component selected from the group consisting of water-soluble and water-dispersible organic polymers and polymer-forming resins and, preferably, also including a component selected from the group consisting of tungstate, molybdate, silicotungstate, and silicomolybdate anions.

通过对包含以下成分的含水酸性液体进行干燥，可以在金属上形成无铬的转换涂层，该涂层与普通铬酸盐转换涂层相比，至少在抗腐蚀质量上等效：$_一种阴离子成分，所述各个阴离子包括至少4个氟原子，至少选自钛、锆、铪、硅与硼元素中的1个原子。任选地可离解的氢原子，任选地1个或多个氧原子；$_一种选自钴、镁、锰、锌、镍、锡、锆、铁与铜元素的阳离子成分，上述成分的阳离子总数与成分内的阴离子总数之比至少为1∶5；$_足够的游离酸以使该组合物的pH值在0.5～5.0的范围内；$_一种选自含磷的无机含氧阴离子与膦酸盐阴离子的成分；$一种选自水溶性与水可分散性有机聚合物与聚合物形成的树脂的成分，优选还包括一种选自钨酸盐、钼酸盐、钨硅酸盐与钼硅酸盐阴离子的成分。

However, chromates have caused increasingly environmental concern. The need to find low toxicity alternatives to hexavalent chromium-based passivation treatment is of prime importance. Molybdate passivation can be used to replace chromate in a wide range of applications.

但由于铬酸盐钝化对环境的污染，寻找一种低毒的代替铬酸盐钝化的处理工艺是十分必要的，钼酸盐钝化是最有前途的一种。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。