铜器

Polish silver and brass .

擦亮银器和铜器。

Based on the archeological discoveries, historical documents on paper and preceding research results, from an aesthetie and iconologicai perspective, the writer has formed a conceptual period idea for the regional arts of this period, and has given a general order and explanation to different kinds of art works, including stone, pottery, rock painting, woodcarving, textile, bronze ware, lacquer, architecture, painting, sculpture, calligraphy, etc.

笔者以考古发现的材料和历史文献及前人研究的成果为依据，从艺术学和图像学的角度，对这一时期楼兰鄯善艺术作了概念性地时代划分，并对不同类型的艺术作品进行了大体排序和简要考释，所涉及的艺术类型包括石器、陶器、岩画、木雕、织物、铜器、漆器、建筑、绘画、雕塑、书法等。

11The merchants of the earth will weep and mourn over her because no one buys their cargoes any more— 12cargoes of gold, silver, precious stones and pearls; fine linen, purple, silk and scarlet cloth; every sort of citron wood, and articles of every kind made of ivory, costly wood, bronze, iron and marble; 13cargoes of cinnamon and spice, of incense, myrrh and frankincense, of wine and olive oil, of fine flour and wheat; cattle and sheep; horses and carriages; and bodies and souls of men.

地上的商人也为她悲哀痛哭，因为没有人再买他们的货物： 12 就是金、银、宝石、珍珠；细麻布、紫色布、丝绸、朱红色布；各样香木，各样象牙制品，各样极贵重的木器、铜器、铁器、大理石制品； 13 肉桂、豆蔻、香料、香膏、乳香；酒、油、面粉、麦子；牛、羊、马、车、奴仆、人口。

Greek handicrafts and overseas trade were alloted the paramount role of ensuring the revival of Greek civilization by paying for the imported grains, consequently were doomed age-long and unremitting development.

3铁器文化为希腊商业经济提供工具性基础，它有助于希腊社会摆脱铜器文化可能带来的资源垄断和经济专制主义；因而是与商业经济这种民主化经济相适应的。

How and when the civilization came to an end is unclear; Mohenjo-daro was attacked and destroyed in the mid-2nd millennium BC, but in the south there was continuity between the Indus civilization and the Copper Age civilizations of central and western India.

印度河文明何时结束及为何结束仍未能确知；西元前第二千纪摩亨约－达罗受到攻击及洗劫而灭亡，但在南部，仍然可见晚期印度河文明与铜器时代文化间的实际文化衔接，此种文化衔接也是西元前1700～西元前1000年印度中、西部文化的特征。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。