铌的

The microstructure evolution, precipitation behavior of carbonitride as microalloying element and its effects on deformation induced ferrite transformation of mild steels with various Nb, V content were investigated on a Gleeble 1500 thermechanical simulator through multi-pass thermo-compression in the temperature range of 820~790℃ to simulate the finish rolling process of plates.

在Gleeble 1500热模拟机上，通过820~790℃温度范围内的多道次热压缩变形模拟了中厚板的精轧工艺，考察了不同铌、钒含量的低碳钢的组织演变过程、微合金元素的碳氮化物的析出行为和对形变诱导铁素体相变的影响。

The traditional solid phase reaction of preparation has many disadvantages: it is very difficult to get the pure calcium-titanium mine phase even at the annealing temperature of 1000DEG C; the size of the material is very large and ununiform; the powder needs very high agglutinating temperature (1350DEG C) to get pyknotic ceramics.

固相反应法制备铌钪酸铅，在1000℃的较高的煅烧温度下也难于得到纯钙钛矿相的粉体，且颗粒尺寸大，尺寸分布不均匀，且这种粉体而要求高的烧结温度(1350℃)以获得致密的陶瓷。

A steel plate having a tensile strength of at least about 930 MPa (135Ksi), a toughness as measured by Charpy V-notch impact test at least about 120 joules (88 ft-lb), and a microstructure comprising at least about 90 volume percent of a mixture of fine-grained lower bainite and fine-grained lath martensite, wherein at least about 2/3 of said mixture consists of fine-grained lower bainite transformed from unrecrystallized austenite having an average grain size of less than about 10 microns and comprising iron and specified weight percentages of the additives: carbon, silicon, manganese, copper, nickel, niobium, titanium, aluminum, calcium,rare earth metals, and magnesium, is prepared by heating a steel slab to a suitable temperature; reducing the slab to form plate in one or more hot rolling passes (10) in a first temperature range in which austenite recrystallizes; further reducing said plate in one or more hot rolling passes (10) in a second temperature range in which austenite does not recrystallize, quenching (12) said plate to a suitable quench stop temperature (16); and stopping said quenching and allowing said plate to air cool (18) to ambient temperature.

一种钢板，其抗拉强度至少约930MPa135ksi），在－40℃（－40°F）下，采用夏氏V型缺口冲击试验测定的韧性至少约120焦耳（88英尺－磅），并且其显微组织包含至少约90％体积的细晶粒的下贝氏体和细晶粒的板条马氏体的混合物，其中该混合物的至少约2／3由从平均粒径小于约10微米的未再结晶奥氏体转变而来的细晶粒的下贝氏体组成，而且，其中所述的钢板包含铁和特定重量百分比的添加元素：碳、硅、锰、铜、镍、铌、钛、铝、钙、稀土金属和镁，所述钢的制备过程为：将一钢板坯加热至一个适当的温度；在奥氏体可发生再结晶的第一个温度范围内，采用一个或多个热轧道次（10），将所述板坯轧制成板材；在奥氏体不发生再结晶的第二个温度范围，采用一个或多个热轧道次（10）进一步轧制所述板材；将所述板材淬火处理（12）至一个适当的淬火终止温度（16）；停止所述淬火处理并将所述板材空冷（18）至室温。

An ultra-high strength, weldable, low alloy steel with excellent cryogenic temperature toughness in the base plate and in the heat affected zone when welded, having a tensile strength greater than 830 MPa (120 ksi) and a micro-laminate microstructure comprising austenite film layers and fine-grained martensite/lower bainite laths, is prepared by heating a steel slab comprising iron and specified weight percentages of some or all of the additives carbon, manganese, nickel, nitrogen, copper, chromium, molybdenum, silicon, niobium, vanadium, titanium, aluminum, and boron; reducing the slab to form plate in one or more passes in a temperature range in which austenite recrystallizes; finish rolling the plate in one or more passes in a temperature range below the austenite recrystallization temperature and above the Ar3 transformation temperature; quenching the finish rolled plate to a suitable Quench Stop Temperature; stopping the quenching; and either, for a period of time, holding the plate substantially isothermally at the QST or slow-cooling the plate before air cooling, or simply air cooling the plate to ambient temperature.

在基体板以及焊接时的热影响区处的低温韧性优异的超高强度、可焊接、低合金钢具有高于830MPa（120ksi）的抗拉强度，并且具有包含奥氏体薄膜层和细晶粒的马氏体／下贝氏体板条的显微层状组织，所述钢的制备过程为：加热含有铁以及特定重量百分比的添加元素的钢坯，所述添加元素为碳，锰，镍，氮，铜，铬，钼，硅，铌，钒，钛，铝，以及硼中的一些或全部；在奥氏体可发生再结晶的温度范围内，采用一个或多个道次，将所述钢坯轧制成板材；在低于奥氏体再结晶温度但高于Ar 3 转变点的温度下，采用一个或多个道次对所述板材进行终轧；将所述终轧板材淬火至一适当淬火终止温度；停止所述淬火；或者在空冷前在QST点基本等温保持所述板材一段时间，或者对所述板材进行缓慢冷却，或者只是简单地将所述板材空冷至室温。

From existing literature, we understand that the nano Superconducting Quantum Interference Device has the ability to detect tens or hundreds of electron spin. In addition, it has a high capacity for nano-particle coupling as well as an extremely high sensitivity to detect flux. This study analyzes the characteristics of the nanoSQUID, uses the Focused ion Beam system to create nanoSQUIDs ranging in size and in thickness of the niobium thin film, and examines the physical properties of nanoSQUIDs.

中文摘要从文献中我们了解到nanoSQUID是有能力侦测到数十或是数百个电子自旋的能力，而且对於奈米粒子耦合的程度很高，并且量测到的磁通会有很高的灵敏度，所以本篇论文主要是探讨并分析nanoSQUID的性质与特性以及使用聚焦离子束系统来制作不同逼近尺度以及不同深度铌薄膜的nanoSQUID并量测其物理性质。

In this dissertation we used different kinds of design to do the experiments, and compared the experiment results with theoretical results. Finally, a 192μm thick PPLN crystal sandwiched between two CLN crystals gave a single (quasi-single) mode in the quasi-phase matched TPG process.

在论文中我们针对不同的设计，进行实验和理论的交互比对，并使用不同厚度的周期性晶格反转铌酸锂反覆试验，最后以190微米的厚度配合上述的第三个方法，达到接近单模输出的准相位匹配的兆赫波参数产生。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。