铁路建设

The main environment geological question is: The earth"s crust where the faultage and earthquake are active is unstable; collapse , landslide, mud-rock flow and soil erosion ; The underground karst subsides, seepage question; Basic rock expand, expend and compress soil body, the salt deposit corrode out of shape and groundwater"s corrodent harm; The soft soil question of basin; The soft rock body, cracked rock and the weathering rock are relatively poor stability; High and cold regional highways and railways" frozen soils freeze and melt calamity problem; The around rock of tunnel are unstable because of the coal seam gas, spring water, underground developed area; Project cutting slopes, constructed abandon soil and reservoir, lake"s ecology geological environmental protection issue; Thedangerous shoal of the channel % submerged reef question; The problem of rebuilding channel project and dock etc.; And the problem of unstable ground and groundwater corrosivity during building airport; At the same time, with the international big pathways" implementation and completions of constructions, adjusting the cities and counties" constructions , the crowd occupy changing , the cultivated land distribute changing and the adjustments of structure, will cause local environmental geological issues outstanding; According to multiple statistical analysis , value calculate and integrated appraise result, in the northwest and southwest of Yunnan, the traffic relatively low density, traffic engineering is relatively weak impact on environment, It is the area where a environme

主要的环境地质问题是：活动性断裂、地震带的地壳不稳定；崩塌、滑坡、泥石流及水土流失；地下岩溶塌陷、渗漏问题；基础岩体膨胀、胀缩土体、含盐层侵蚀变形和地下水的腐蚀危害；盆地软土问题；软弱岩体、碎裂、风化岩体稳定性较差；高寒地带公路、铁路建设的冻土冻融灾害问题；煤层瓦斯、涌水、地下采空区等隧道围岩不稳定问题；工程切坡、施工弃土及水库、湖泊生态地质环境保护问题；航道险滩、暗礁问题；渠化工程、码头等库岸再造问题；以及机场建设中的不稳定地基及地下水腐蚀性问题；同时，随着大通道建设的实施和完成，城镇建设的调整、人群居落的变化和耕地分布及结构的调整组合，都可能造成局部环境地质问题的突出等等。经多元统计分析数值计算、综合评价结果，滇西北、滇西南地区交通密度较低，交通工程对环境的影响程度较弱，是环境地质状况好的区域；有主要高原湖泊分布区的，包括昆明、个旧、文山的滇东南区域，环境地质状况较好；大姚、楚雄、篙明及会泽、昭通一镇雄的区域，即滇中北部中生界红层和滇东北岩溶区，环境地质状况中等；而包括保山、德宏、大理、临沧的滇西地区及景东一墨江以东、双柏一石屏一河口以西及东川一寻甸一曲靖地段的滇中一滇东地区，环境地质状况较差。云南国际大通道建设涉及全省区域，如何利用地质环境、实现可持续发展，就必须依赖于国际大通道建设与地质环境之间良性关系的建立。应本着对区域地质环境客观存在的科学认识原则、建设过程中环境效益优先的可持续发展原则、法制性原则、对大通道建设中环境地质的因地制宜及其可防治性原则。并且从组织管理、不同类型大通道、不同环境地质问题类型等方面，提出了对策措施。最后，提出了建立国际大通道建设与环境地质良性关系的宏观建议。

In addition, Hami and Lop Nur in the railway construction has also started construction in July this year, the railway length of 390 kilometers, is expected to invest 2.5 billion, two-year construction period.

此外，哈密和罗布泊的铁路建设也已开始建设，在今年7月，在铁路长度390公里，预计投资2.5亿元，两年的建设期。

The research on the schedule control system of whole railroading project aims to improve the construction management level of today s railroading project in our country.

铁路工程施工进度控制信息系统的研究就是为提高我国目前铁路工程建设管理水平提出来的，因此本论文对正在大规模开展的铁路建设有重要的现实意义。

Analyzing the current situation of the railway construction and operation, this paper argues that railway construction should be invested and financed variformly so as to suit the reform direction of the railway system in China.

分析了铁路建设和经营的现状，提出铁路建设应该进行多元化投融资。这与我国实现铁路体制的改革方向是相适应的。

With Railway Ministry, and it has participated in the establishment of railway construction projects such as Beijing-Shanghai, Shanghai-Nanning, Shanghai-Hangzhou and Jinshang Railway By-line reconstruction as the investment representative in Shanghai according to the meeting spirits of the previous ministerial and municipal-level meetings and the railway investment plan in Shanghai during the 11th "five-year" plan.

根据历次部市会议纪要精神及&十一五&期间上海境内铁路投资规划，公司作为上海市出资代表，已经参与建设京沪、沪宁、沪杭、金山支线改造等一批铁路建设项目。

In 2005, SNEB broke into the railway construction market, and constructed the Hefei to Wuhan Railway---Hubei Section, Luoyang to Zhanjiang Railway, Cenxi to Maoming Section, and Taiyuan to Yinchuan Railway and so on.

2005年，二航局成功挺进铁路建设市场，承建了合武铁路湖北段、洛湛铁路岑茂段、太中银铁路等项目。

China's railway is developing along with the society's development, from coal as the driven power to electricity, from ballasted track to Non-ballasted track, from low-speed to high-speed , China's railway has undergone earth-shaking changes, and now the construction of high-speed railway leads to the takeoff of China's economic and social , Although high-speed railway in China start late , but have a high starting point, and developed very quickly, through introducing foreign core technology, digestion, absorption and re-innovation ,we owned the ability to build the high-speed railway, and ushered into a new era of high-speed railway construction.

我国的铁路随着社会的发展而发展，从以煤为动力到以电力直接带动，从有砟到无砟，从低速到高速，我国的铁路发生了翻天覆地的变化，而如今高速铁路的建设正在引领我国经济社会的腾飞，我国高速铁路虽起步晚，但起点高、发展快，通过引进国外核心技术、消化吸收再创新，初步具备了建设高速铁路的能力，迎来了我国高速铁路建设新时代。

Therefore, the promotion of railway investment and financing reform becomes one of the keystones for China Railways.

我国经济的快速发展对铁路建设和铁路运输装备的融资需求提出了更高的要求和挑战，推进铁路投融资体制改革成为我国铁路的一项重点任务。

By 2012, Zhejiang Railway shall turn itself to a diversified railway industry investment group, which would be expected to have total controllable assets of over 72 bln, annual sales income exceeding 10 bln, and profits of 1.2 bln, and would be a good platform for operation, financing and industrial support of the railway construction of the province, Zhejiang Railway is making efforts to create "Zhejiang Experience" for the railway sector, and striving to realize the target indicators of Chinese railway modernization first in Zhejiang.

到2012年，浙铁集团将发展成为可控总资产超过720亿元，年销售收入超过100亿元，年实现利润12亿元的多元化铁路产业投资集团，为浙江铁路建设打造良好的操作平台、融资平台和产业支撑平台，争创铁路建设事业的&浙江经验&，推动中国铁路现代化的目标率先在浙江实现。

Based on the field investigation in Aug 2001 and Aug 2002, digital China Vegetation Map in 2001 and Qinghai-Xizang Plateau Vegetation Regionalization Map in 1996, vegetation characteristic along two sides of Qinghai-Xizang highway and railway is studied in this article Meanwhile, the impacts of Qinghai-Xizang highway and railway constructions on the ecosystems are analyzed using ARCVIEW、ARC/INFO and PATCH ANALYSIS It was found that:(1) Qinghai-Xizang highway and railway span 9 altitudes,12 longitudes and 6 natural regions (East Qinghai and Qilian mountain steppe region, Chaidamu mountain desert region, South Qinghai alpine meadow steppe region, Qiangtang alpine steppe region, Guoluonaqu alpine scrub meadow region and South Xizang mountain shrub steppe region);(2) the constructions of Qinghai-Xizang highway and railway destroyed natural vegetation and landscape, especially in 50m-wide buffer regions along both sides of the roads, it was estimated that the Primary Productivity deceased by about 30504.62t/a and the gross biomass deceased by 432919.25～

：根据2001-08和2002-08月野外调查数据及2001年1∶100万中国植被图、1996年1∶400万青藏高原植被区划图和2000年青藏铁路沿线自然保护区分布及功能区界调整图，以青藏公路铁路沿线植被生态系统为研究对象，运用ARCVIEW和ARC/INFO软件研究青藏公路铁路建设对沿线生态系统结构的影响，结论如下：①青藏公路铁路南北跨越9个纬度，东西跨越12个经度，共穿越青东祁连山地草原地带、柴达木山地荒漠地带、青南高寒草甸草原地带、羌塘高寒草原地带、果洛那曲高寒灌丛草甸地带和藏南山地灌丛草原地带6个自然区，对植被类型的统计结果显示了地带性。②青藏公路铁路的建设对生态系统产生直接的切割，使景观更加破碎。

The concept of equivalent rotationally rigidity is offered and the formula of rotationally rigidity is obtained.

主要做了如下几个方面的工作：对伸臂位于顶部的单层框架—筒体模型进行分析，提出了等效转动约束的概念和转动约束刚度的表达式。

Male cats normally do not need aftercare with the exception of the night after the anesthetic.

男猫通常不需要善后除了晚上的麻醉。