铁路

The traveling organization is the hard core in the heavy load transportation of the railway.

在铁路重载运输中，行车组织是重中之重。

"The transmissibility and geographical spread of the 1889 influenza pandemic,"作者 Alain-Jacques Valleron, Anne Cori, Sophie Valtat, Sofia Meurisse, Fabrice Carrat和Pierre-Yves Bolle

一份关于1889年"俄罗斯流感"——它被认为是在铁路和蒸汽船改变了世界旅行之后最早的大流行——提示这种病毒可能仅仅用了4个月就环游了地球。

South where Britain had some popular support,but Cornwallis was defeated at Yorktown,Virginia,and forced to surrender (Oct.19/1781),which practically brought the war to an end.At sea,Britain had to fight to keep her naval supremacy,but after Yorktown the American ports were lost one by one.The war was

市中心有名的地下城是观光重点，本地下城原在19世纪末期，因铁路建筑而特意埋入地下，在70年代，因为隐密的关系，却成了罪犯的温床，直到一位安德鲁杨先生的努力，才使得地下城有了现在的活耀。

The main environment geological question is: The earth"s crust where the faultage and earthquake are active is unstable; collapse , landslide, mud-rock flow and soil erosion ; The underground karst subsides, seepage question; Basic rock expand, expend and compress soil body, the salt deposit corrode out of shape and groundwater"s corrodent harm; The soft soil question of basin; The soft rock body, cracked rock and the weathering rock are relatively poor stability; High and cold regional highways and railways" frozen soils freeze and melt calamity problem; The around rock of tunnel are unstable because of the coal seam gas, spring water, underground developed area; Project cutting slopes, constructed abandon soil and reservoir, lake"s ecology geological environmental protection issue; Thedangerous shoal of the channel % submerged reef question; The problem of rebuilding channel project and dock etc.; And the problem of unstable ground and groundwater corrosivity during building airport; At the same time, with the international big pathways" implementation and completions of constructions, adjusting the cities and counties" constructions , the crowd occupy changing , the cultivated land distribute changing and the adjustments of structure, will cause local environmental geological issues outstanding; According to multiple statistical analysis , value calculate and integrated appraise result, in the northwest and southwest of Yunnan, the traffic relatively low density, traffic engineering is relatively weak impact on environment, It is the area where a environme

主要的环境地质问题是：活动性断裂、地震带的地壳不稳定；崩塌、滑坡、泥石流及水土流失；地下岩溶塌陷、渗漏问题；基础岩体膨胀、胀缩土体、含盐层侵蚀变形和地下水的腐蚀危害；盆地软土问题；软弱岩体、碎裂、风化岩体稳定性较差；高寒地带公路、铁路建设的冻土冻融灾害问题；煤层瓦斯、涌水、地下采空区等隧道围岩不稳定问题；工程切坡、施工弃土及水库、湖泊生态地质环境保护问题；航道险滩、暗礁问题；渠化工程、码头等库岸再造问题；以及机场建设中的不稳定地基及地下水腐蚀性问题；同时，随着大通道建设的实施和完成，城镇建设的调整、人群居落的变化和耕地分布及结构的调整组合，都可能造成局部环境地质问题的突出等等。经多元统计分析数值计算、综合评价结果，滇西北、滇西南地区交通密度较低，交通工程对环境的影响程度较弱，是环境地质状况好的区域；有主要高原湖泊分布区的，包括昆明、个旧、文山的滇东南区域，环境地质状况较好；大姚、楚雄、篙明及会泽、昭通一镇雄的区域，即滇中北部中生界红层和滇东北岩溶区，环境地质状况中等；而包括保山、德宏、大理、临沧的滇西地区及景东一墨江以东、双柏一石屏一河口以西及东川一寻甸一曲靖地段的滇中一滇东地区，环境地质状况较差。云南国际大通道建设涉及全省区域，如何利用地质环境、实现可持续发展，就必须依赖于国际大通道建设与地质环境之间良性关系的建立。应本着对区域地质环境客观存在的科学认识原则、建设过程中环境效益优先的可持续发展原则、法制性原则、对大通道建设中环境地质的因地制宜及其可防治性原则。并且从组织管理、不同类型大通道、不同环境地质问题类型等方面，提出了对策措施。最后，提出了建立国际大通道建设与环境地质良性关系的宏观建议。

In this paper, researches on rail corrugation in recent years are reviewed, and the status quo in this research field is investigated.

钢轨波磨是世界各国铁路部门致力解决的极复杂的问题，通过对近几年相关资料的总结，分析了钢轨波磨领域的研究现状。

It is very important to study the formation mechanism and solutions of rail corrugation for enhancing the stability and economy signification of rail transmission.

因此，研究波磨的产生机理，解决波磨问题，对于提高铁路运输安全性和经济性有着重要意义。

With the development of the high speed and heavy haul railway, rail contact default such as corrugation and peeling off occur more and more.

随着铁路高速重载趋势的发展，钢轨的波形磨耗和因接触疲劳而产生片状剥落、开裂等病害呈上升趋势。

Its performance determines the security and cosiness of train. With the advancement of railway'speed, the self-made hydraulic damper can't satisfy the requirement of high performance hydraulic damper.

由于铁路的提速和城市轨道交通的迅速发展，凸显出对高性能液压减振器的需求，但国内生产的液压减振器还不能满足这种需求，这种状况是由于减振器试验设备落后造成的。

You can find more information on the old Costa Rican's jungle railroad in Paul Glassman's Costa Rica Guide .

你可以找到更多的信息旧哥斯达黎加的森林铁路在保罗格拉斯曼的哥斯达黎加指南。

Raises comprehensively along with our country railroad passengers and cargo vehicle fast, in order to effective to already has the bridge operation condition to carry on the appraisal by, and to newly built, the reconstruction bridge carries on the optimized design, must carry on the analysis to time the train bridge vehicle bridge coupled oscillation question.

随着我国铁路客货车的全面提速，为了有效的对既有桥梁运营状态进行评估以，及对新建、改建桥梁进行优化设计，均需对列车过桥时的车桥耦合振动问题进行分析。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。