钻井

Air underbalance drilling, is the drilling technique which could used gases, typically compressed air, natural gas, nitrogen and diesel tail gas as a circulation liquid.

气体欠平衡钻井，可以采用空气、天然气、氮气、柴油机尾气作为循环介质，其循环系统的压力分布、钻井机械的选择、控制井斜与传统钻井方式相比有着很大的区别。

The underbalance drilling technology is researched in view of stratum and reservoir geologic characteristic in DaQing oil field highlighting XuJia WeiZi east oil field in this text, it takes active role for valid development of DaQing deep zone natural gas and adding oil outcome. In this text the influential factor and establish way of underbalance drilling drawdown are stressly researched.

本文针对大庆油田地层及油藏地质特征，对大庆油田欠平衡钻井工艺技术应用进行了研究，重点对徐家围子等东部油气田开展了欠平衡井钻井工艺技术应用研究，为大庆深层天然气的有效开发，为探索欠平衡钻井工艺技术在开发井中的有效利用，增加油气产量起到了积极的推动作用。

Regarding the density data and acoustic data in logging material as restriction, it also establishes undrilled district log through model seismic inverse, then, calculates elastic constant of rocks, density constant of rocks and even the profile of the following three pressures (pore pressure, caving pressure, fracture pressure). In the end, this thesis can determine safe drilling mud density windows, provide reference for drilling design, guides safe drilling and decreases the occurrence of accident.

将测井资料中的密度数据或是声波数据作为约束条件，通过模型地震反演，构建待钻区域的测井曲线，从而可以用理论和处理手段上比较成熟的测井分析的方法，进行岩石弹性和强度参数的计算，计算地层的三个压力(孔隙压力、坍塌压力、破裂压力)剖面，最终确定安全钻井液密度窗口，为钻井设计提供参考，指导安全钻井，减少钻井事故。

The strong and weak points as well as the scope of application of the modeling method based on the target function for the optimization WOB model are summarized.

以综合钻井成本最低为准则，建立了钻井成本目标函数，讨论了影响钻井成本的因素，给出了钻压优化模型的约束条件，在以上基础上建立了钻压优化模型，并给出了钻压优化模型在线实时求解过程中有关参数的确定方法，最后总结了基于目标函数钻压优化模型建模方法优缺点和适用范围。

Pneumatic hammer drilling technology with low wob,low rate of revolution and high capacity to break rock is one of the best effective methods to solve the problems of hard rock drilling.

井斜是气体钻井中遇到的比较突出问题，井斜大或井斜增长过快常采用低钻压吊打的方式来解决，这样就牺牲了机械钻速，延长了钻井周期，增加了钻井成本。

To control deviation, the actual WOB is usually adopted in the lower range, which results in ROP increasing is unconspicuous and predominance of gas drilling can't be showed.

在实际气体钻井过程中，为了控制井斜，通常都将钻压控制在较低的范围内，这就导致气体钻井提高机械钻速不明显，不能充分发挥气体钻井的优势。

As for the air percussive rotary drilling, because of its advantages of high ROP, long bit life, light WOB, reduced wear of drill collar, large cuttings, low drilling cost, low formation damage and no lost circulation, it has gained acceptance.

空气冲击回转钻井在一些特定的地层和井眼条件下具有高机械钻速、长钻头寿命、小钻压、较轻钻具磨损、大岩屑、低钻井成本、较轻油层污染和避免井漏等优点，因此很早就被钻井界接受。

To solve those problems in extended reach wells and horizontal multibranch wells and ease the "bottleneck" of domestic pointthebit of rotary steerable drilling technology, combining theory with practice, we summarize the rotary steerable drilling technology at home and abroad, introduce two typical and popular bottom hole closed loop rotary steerable drilling tools, namely MRST and GeoPilot.

为解决在钻大位移井、水平分支井等复杂结构井时出现的种种难题以及国内指向式旋转导向钻井技术的&瓶颈&问题，将理论与实践相结合，对旋转导向钻井技术的国内外研究现状做了分析；介绍了目前国内外运用比较广泛且典型的推靠式MRST和指向式GeoPilot井下闭环旋转导向钻井工具。

The historic development of jack-up drilling platforms is briefly presented,then the major models of deep water jack-up s are listed,and finally the innovations in deep water jack-up s are summarized.

简要回顾了自升式钻井平台的发展历程，列举了当前主要深水自升式钻井平台的参数，最后总结了新一代自升式钻井平台的发展趋势。

The upright artesian well is one of the main ways of artesian well of coal mine, its techniques includes four sections : artesian well ,prefabricating of the wall of well, prefabrication of the wall and filling.

煤矿立井钻井法是煤矿钻井的主要方法之一，其施工工艺主要包括：钻井、井壁预制、下沉井壁和壁后填充四个阶段。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。