钻井

Aiming at some problems of safety assessment and influence factor of oil﹠gas drilling hoisting system process. The thesis analyses oil﹠gas drilling hoisting system hazard and accident style. From human-machine- environment viewpoint and according to the establishing principle of safety assessment index system, set up oil﹠gas drilling hoisting safety assessment system.

针对油气钻井起升系统作业安全影响因素和安全评价中的问题，分析了油气钻井起升系统作业的危险源及风险事故类型；从人-机-环境系统的观念出发，根据安全评价指标体系建立的原则，构建了包括起升系统设备设施因素、作业人员安全管理因素、安全管理制度因素、事故应急响应因素、作业环境因素的油气钻井起升系统作业的安全评价指标体系。

The slurry of artesian well become an important section of the artesian well, it plays a key role in the entirely progress of artesian well.

钻井泥浆作为煤矿钻井过程中的重要组成部分，在整个钻井工程中起着举足轻重的作用。

Therefore based on analysis of the status quo and the bottleneck points of the drilling and completion, effective measures have been put forward, including optimization of casing program, application of UBD and compound drilling, adoption of nonpermeable drilling fluid, diverting technology, rotating while cementing, casing optimization, horizontal drilling and extended reach well technology, etc.

为解决上述问题，在对钻井完井现状和难点进行分析的基础上，提出了有效的应对措施，主要包括优化井身结构，推广应用欠平衡钻井和复合钻井技术，采用非渗透钻井液、屏蔽暂堵技术和旋转固井技术，优选套管射孔完井，开展水平井和大位移井钻井工艺等。

The air well drilling is one kind of practice underbalance drilling,compared with other well drilling relatively have one's own advantages improve the speed of drilling,Protect the oil gas from bearing formation,find the oil and gas in time,but require especial equipment,Minimum displacement in the air well drilling is the difficult point,and its key too.

空气钻井是一种实用的欠平衡钻井，与其他钻井比较有自己的优势：提高钻速，保护油气层，及时发现油气，但装备要求高；空气钻井中最小排量的是难点，也是其关键点。

And it is suggested to apply UBD, to optimize drilling parameters when adopting the new casing programs, to optimize WOB and RPM, to choose optimal longlife highefficiency bits, etc.

针对新场气田深井钻井周期长、机械钻速慢、现有钻井技术影响和制约后期完井和增产的实际问题，深入分析研究了影响新场气田深井钻井提速的关键制约因素，提出了优化完井井身结构、推广应用欠平衡钻井技术的建议。

Based on large amounts of geological and engineering appraisal, application test of nitrogen drilling technology is conducted in the producing interval of 4652.26~4775.56m during the fourth spudding in DY1 well.

试验表明，在深井段采用氮气钻井技术可大幅度提高钻井速度，该层段平均机械钻速达8.36m/h，与邻井相比提高8~9倍，在提高钻速的同时还直观有效地发现了一个裂缝性气层该技术在深探井中的成功应用加快了气体钻井技术向深层推广的步伐，对同类地区的钻井具有较高借鉴意义。

Based on the oil field practice of air drill ing applications in karamay oil field, the author summarizes and analyses air-fogged drilling informations at home and abroad, provides a set of air drill ing designing rule applicable to karamay dil field, and compiles the computor soft-ware of air drill ing parameter design guiding field operational practice.

以克拉玛依油田应用空气钻井的现场实践为依据，总结、分析国内外空气雾化钻井资料，提出了一套适合于克拉玛依油田的空气钻井设计原则，用来指导现场实践的空气钻井参教设计的计算机软件。

Applying finite element method,the dynamic characteristics of drill string with cone bit in straight hole were simulated,and the whirl,deformation and the dynamic stress in air drilling were compared with the ones in drilling fluid drilling .

应用有限元方法，仿真了空气钻井时斜直井眼中带牙轮钻头钻柱的动力学特性，比较了空气钻井和钻井液钻井条件下钻柱的涡动、变形以及动态应力状况，探讨了空气钻井钻柱失效的动力学机理。

This paper introduced the structure and operating principle of pneumatic hammer,the selection of drilling parameter,the effect of field experiments and the existent problems. pneumatic hammer ; drilling technology,deviation prevention ; wiping

它兼容了气体钻井和冲击回转钻井的优势，其机械钻速一般比牙轮钻头回转钻井高，美国早在50年代3000~3500m深井中，成功地采用了空气锤钻井技术，而国内以前运用该技术于地质勘探、水文

They are ideally suited for surface hole, coal bed methane, mine rescue, directional and unconventional drilling applications up to 3,000 meters in depth.

是适合表土层钻井、煤层气开采、矿山抢险、定向钻井和反循环钻井等方面的理想设备，其钻井深度可达3000米。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。