钻井

Aiming at some problems of oil﹠gas drilling safety assessment methods, such as bad cooperation, not scientific of general judgment, not comprehensive or exact of the index contents and so on, considering the wide meaning, complex, high chiasma and faintness of oil﹠gas drilling process safety assessment index and the complexity of the assessment system itself and the particularity of hoisting system, this paper mainly studies on safety assessment indexes system and safety assessment method of oil﹠gas drilling hoisting system process .

针对目前油气钻井作业安全评价分析方法的配合性差、综合评判的科学性不强、评价指标反映的内容不全面和不准确等问题，并考虑到油气钻井作业安全评价指标体系中评价指标含义面广、交叉性和模糊性强，以及评价指标体系结构自身的复杂性和油气钻井作业八大系统中起升系统作业的特殊性，本论文重点对油气钻井起升系统作业安全评价指标体系及安全评价分析方法进行了研究。

COSCO Shipyard built ship models including: series 5000 barking space PCTC, 30,000 tons of Series Heavy Lift Multi-Purpose ships, 57,000 tons of series bulk carrier, 80,000 tons of bulk carriers, bulk carriers, and 92,500 tons carriers; marine project including: the world's first drilling production storage oil vessel, cylindrical rigs, self-drilling platform, semi-submersible offshore oil platforms.

n 中远船务目前建造的船型包括：5000车位汽车滚装船系列、3万吨重吊多用途船系列、5.7万吨散货船系列、8万吨散货船、9.25万吨散货船等。在建海洋工程项目包括：世界首艘钻井生产储油船、圆筒形钻井平台、自升式钻井平台和半潜式钻井平台等。

This paper starts with the introduction, it tells that due to the rapid development of O.O.E.E, the insurance of it came to exist and the insurance of O.O.E.E is a kind of marine insurance. While the next part of this paper, comes to the analysation of Fixed Platform Insurance and Mobile Drilling Units Insurance, and combined with Platform Form All Risks and Drilling Barge Insurance All Risks of PICC as well. At the end of this paper, the author offers some of his advice about modify Marine Law and PICC clauses.

本文首先介绍了由于海上石油开发的发展出现了海上石油开发保险，海上石油开发保险是海上保险，然后主要对海上石油开发保险中固定式钻井平台和移动式钻井平台保险结合我国人保的钻井平台一切险条款和钻井船一切险条款内容进行了分析，最后提出对我国《海商法》和人保条款的修改建议。

Next, take the rock mechanics as a foundation, has analyzed the gas drilling broken rock mechanism; Thought that the gas drilling broken rock mechanism is different with the conventional drilling fluid well drilling, the bottom of the well rock destruction way destroys for the volume, the bottom of the well rock and the drill bit contact plane disproportionality causes the gas well drilling well diviation another reason.

其次，以岩石力学为基础，分析了气体钻井破岩机理；认为气体钻井破岩机理不同于常规钻井液钻井，井底岩石破坏方式为体积破坏，井底岩石与钻头接触平面不均衡性是导致气体钻井井斜的又一原因。

To avoid lost circulation or wellbore instability when drilling fluid circulated downhole after gas drilling, or to shorten drilling cycle and reduce drilling costs, it is recognized that the cementing quality needs to be improved further. 18 dryhole cementing jobs have been tried in 339.7 mm and 244.5 mm holes in Sichuan and Chongqing oil or gas fields and a set of technology for dryhole cementing after gas drilling is developed, including wellbore preparation, casing running, incontinuous liquid slurry injection, etc.

为了避免气体钻井结束后替入钻井液可能引发的井漏、井眼不稳定等复杂情况，缩短钻井周期、降低钻井成本，进一步提高固井质量，在川渝地区探索实践了气体介质条件下339.7 mm表层套管和244.5 mm技术套管共18井次的干井筒固井作业，基本形成了一套气体钻井后干井筒（井眼内为纯气体时的井筒简称为干井筒）固井工艺技术方案与措施。

To avoid lost circulation or wellbore instability when drilling fluid circulated downhole after gas drilling, or to shorten drilling cycle and reduce drilling costs, it is recognized that the cementing quality needs to be improved further. 18 dry-hole cementing jobs have been tried in 339.7 mm and 244.5 mm holes in Sichuan and Chongqing oil or gas fields and a set of technology for dry-hole cementing after gas drilling is developed, including wellbore preparation, casing running, incontinuous liquid slurry injection, etc.

为了避免气体钻井结束后替入钻井液可能引发的井漏、井眼不稳定等复杂情况，缩短钻井周期、降低钻井成本，进一步提高固井质量，在川渝地区探索实践了气体介质条件下339.7mm表层套管和244.5mm技术套管共18井次的干井筒固井作业，基本形成了一套气体钻井后干井筒（井眼内为纯气体时的井筒简称为干井筒）固井工艺技术方案与措施。

The application of φ339.7 mm casing drilling technology in batch drilling on the Chenghai-1 platform in Dagang Oilfield was introduced in detail,including tools used in casing drilling,structures and principles of casing driver and the casing shoe,major equipment requirements of casing drilling,drilling process,and cementing techniques without drilling rig.

埕海一号平台13口井表层套管批钻井的应用结果表明，采用套管钻井技术可以缩短钻井周期，提高机械钻速，降低钻井成本，而且国产套管钻鞋的钻井指标已接近国外公司同类产品的技术水平，虽然成本相对较高，但批量生产后成本会显著降低。

During air drilling,under the precondition of high drilling speed, pneumatic hammer drilling technology can validly control the well deflection.

空气锤钻井是一种低钻压、低转速、高冲击破岩回转钻进技术，它兼容了气体钻井和冲击回转钻井的优势，其机械钻速一般比回转钻井高，是当今解决硬岩钻井难题的一种有效方法。

Through comprehensive applications of many key projects,such as well location optimization technology,mixed oil drilling technology combined with using popularized PDC bit s of high efficiency and high torque and low-velocity hobs of great power, deep well bore contro.

通过井位优选技术、推广高效 PDC 钻头和大功率高扭矩低速螺杆的复合钻井技术、深井井身控制技术、以防漏堵漏为主的调整井钻井技术等各项攻关课题的综合应用，形成了一系列的深井优快钻井综合技术，大打钻井科技攻坚战，取得了钻井速度的新突破。

With the consideration of various factors affecting on the screening effect,a screening model for drilling fluid shale shaker had been established.

利用流体力学的基本原理，对钻井筛筛面上钻井液的流动特点进行了研究；在综合考虑有关参数对钻井筛筛分影响的基础上，建立了钻井筛的筛分模型，给出影响钻井筛处理量有关因素之间的定量关系；运用平均值法对筛分方程的求解进行了探讨；应用有限差分方法建立了筛分方程的仿真模型，并编写了钻井筛处理量的计算机仿真程序。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。