钻井

It is considered that fatigue crack is early produced on drill pipes, because the vibration load of drilling tools in air drilling is more severe than that in mud drilling. Fatigue cracks easily occur under alternating vibration. Because the current wellhead detecting instruments can not be used to reflect the change of pump pressure produced after drill pipe piercement timely and accurately, effective measures can not be taken in time to prevent the expansion of fatigue cracks. As a result, drill pipe fracture accidents occur.

失效分析表明，钻杆属于早期疲劳断裂，断裂主要原因是在空气钻井过程中钻具受到的震动载荷远大于钻井液钻井过程中的震动载荷，在交变的震动载荷作用下，钻具容易产生疲劳裂纹；由于现有的井口检测仪表不能精确及时反映钻杆刺穿之后产生的泵压变化，无法及时采取预防措施，疲劳裂纹不断扩展，最终导致了钻杆断裂失效。

It is considered that fatigue crack is early produced on drill pipes, because the vibration load of drilling tools in air drilling is more severe than in mud drilling. Fatigue cracks easily occur under alternating vibration. Because the current wellhead detecting instruments can not be used to reflect the change of pump pressure produced after drill pipe piercement timely and accurately, effective measures can not be taken in time to prevent the expansion of fatigue cracks. As a result, drill pipe fracture accidents occur.

失效分析表明，钻杆属于早期疲劳断裂，断裂主要原因是在空气钻井过程中钻具受到的震动载荷远大于钻井液钻井过程中的震动载荷，在交变的震动载荷作用下，钻具容易产生疲劳裂纹；由于现有的井口检测仪表不能精确及时反映钻杆刺穿之后产生的泵压变化，无法及时采取预防措施，疲劳裂纹不断扩展，最终导致了钻杆断裂失效。

On May 11th executives from BP trooped to Washington for a Senate committee hearing on the spill. As BP led the consortium which owned the well and was leasing the rig, it is responsible for the spill—and therefore liable for the costs of cleaning up and some third-party damages.

5月11号那天，英国石油公司的主管们迈着沉重的步伐前往华盛顿，参加关于这次漏油事故的参议员听证会：由英国石油公司牵头的财团持有钻井并租借了钻井平台，所以它得为此买单，进而还可能得承担清理工作的费用和第三方损失。

The pressure and temperature control in drilling process is the key to ensure successful drilling and corresponding well quality.

钻井过程中井内压力和温度的控制是钻井成功和质量保证的关键。

The simulation drilling refers to the process of drilling a well using computer based on the mathematical model.

计算机模拟钻井是在室内根据已建立的工程数学模型，用计算机模拟实现钻井施工全过程的一种仿真技术。

So, some countermeasures should be taken. New drilling technologies will be introduced including wash boring and micro -foam drilling. High-calcium salt polymer drill fluid with strong inhabit will be used in drilling, whose density should be adjusted according to the situation. Bore frame should be adjusted, that is to say, the pressure has few differences at one whole barefoot interval and density of the drill fluid should be big enough before drilling.

对此，提出如下治理对策：采用新的钻井工艺，引进清水强钻和微泡沫钻并技术；钻井中使用强抑制性高钙盐聚合物钻井液，并合理调整其密度大小；调整井身结构，在一个裸眼井段内不能有压力悬殊的地层存在，在揭开储层前，应适当提高钻井液密度。

Light lateral and axis and torsion vibrations do not affect the normal work, but the resonance state has severity effect to drill string.

轻微的横向、轴向及扭转振动不影响钻井的正常作业，而钻柱的共振状态会对钻井产生严重的影响。

The analysis on abrasion of the bit indicates that there is no obvious fracture damage during drilling period,which shows that the self-balanced design has better anti-whirl property than the conventional design.

小井眼PDC钻头在大港油田直径为140mm套管开窗侧钻井的钻井工程中取得了良好的技术效益和经济效益。

In the process of the oil and gas field's exploration, when the well contains a great amount of supercritical fluid such as CO2 and H2S, the well blowout, erosion, wax problem and scale problems will take place more frequently. In the process of drilling, when the supercritical fluid emerged by conventional natural gas changes in phase transition, the well blowout will happen.

在油气田的开发过程中，井筒内高含CO2、H2S的超临界态流体，加速油井管柱的腐蚀、结蜡、结垢、灾难性的突发事故的出现；在钻井过程中，气侵的超临界流体在环空相态变化将可能引发钻井井喷。

The analyses of the relationship between drilling parameter and rate of penetration was done,and the principle of coupled driven drilling by improving rotary speed of bit was revealed to increase bit rock-breaking energy to improve penetration rate.

分析了钻井参数与钻速的关系，揭示了复合钻井通过提高钻头转速，从而增加钻头破岩能量来提高机械钻速的机理；在分析井斜原因和钟摆钻具防斜打直原理的基础上，分析了直螺杆钻具和弯外壳螺杆钻具组合的防斜机理以及两者的联系与区别，指出在地层倾角较小时采用直螺杆钻具组合，地层倾角较大时采用弯外壳螺杆钻具组合，以达到防斜打快的目的。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。