钻井

And the optimize of underbalance drilling fluid is gone on in view of stratum and reservoir geologic characteristic in DaQing oil field, finally a suit of reverse emulsion drilling fluid system fitting DaQing oil field underbalance drilling is established, and it is successfully used and verified in erbalance drilling construction work, the effect is very ideal. Additional the well control technique and commensurable auxiliary technique of underbalance drilling are also systematically analysed, a suit of auxiliary technique and well control scheme of underbalance drilling fitting DaQing oil field zone of negative pressure is established.

本文重点对欠平衡钻井负压值的影响因素及确定方法进行了研究；并针对大庆油田地层及油藏地质特征进行了欠平衡钻井钻井液体系的优选，最终确定了一套适合大庆油田欠平衡钻井的水包油钻井液体系，并成功地在欠平衡钻井施工中得到应用和验证，效果十分理想；另外，本文对欠平衡钻井的井控技术及相应的配套技术也作了系统的分析，确立了一套适合大庆油田地层特点的欠平衡钻井工艺技术配套措施及适合大庆油田地层负压特点的钻井井控技术方案。

According to some examples of gas drilling in Daqing Oilfield, this text analyze of the reasons for deviation of gas drilling from many aspects such as geological factor, borehole diameter expanding, drilling parameter, hole drift angle, circulation medium of drilling, etc. Base on the analytic result and the site example of drilling, tentative diagnosis measures has been given to gas drilling control measures, this result laid a solid foundation for the design and construction of gas drilling.

根据大庆油田气体钻井实例本文从地质因素、井径扩大、钻井参数、井斜角、钻井循环介质等方面分析了气体钻井井斜的原因，基于分析结果并与大庆现场钻井实例相结合，初步给出了气体钻井井控措施，为气体钻井设计和施工提供一定的基础。

Downhole accidents frequently occurred due to the factors such as complicated formations, low automation degree of drilling equipments and nonproficiency of operation, and so on. High drilling cost or even the abandonment for a well will probably occur owing to those downhole accidents.

在钻井过程中，受地层多变性、钻井设备、仪器仪表自动化程度以及钻井操作技术熟练程度的制约和影响，井下往往会发生各种各样的复杂钻井事故，有的复杂事故会造成钻井成本急剧升高，甚至导致一口井报废。

The main products are drilling pumps, iron roughneck, draw works, BOP, drilling pipe processing systems as well as their spare parts.SHANDONG WEIMA PUMPS MANUFACTURING CO., LTD

主要产品有系列钻井泵、铁钻工、钻井绞车、钻井管子处理系统、防喷器、成套钻井泵组装等石油钻井成套装备及相关零部件。2008年12月通过API认证(证书编号： 6A-0950、7K-0188、ISO-0833、Q1-0584、TS-0407)。

In 2007, according to the plan of CNPC, gas drilling experiments were carried out extensively in Xujiaweiziensis DaQing. Air drilling, nitrogen drilling and atomization/foam drilling were all applied, and the primary attempt was actualized in the intended interval of Yingchengzuensis. It took out remarkable effect, therefore improved and developed the gas drilling technology. Thus the elementary matching technology of gas (atomization/foam) drilling that is fit for sand shale and vulcanite in Region Xujiaweiziensis of DaQing was formed, which will offer valuable experience for the further application and expansion of gas drilling.

根据中油股份公司的安排部署，2007年气体钻井在大庆徐家围子地区进行了大规模试验，应用了空气、氮气和雾化泡沫钻井工艺，并在营城组目的层进行了气体钻井尝试，取得了显著的效果，使气体钻井技术得到了进一步完善和发展，初步形成了一套适合大庆徐家围子地区深层砂泥岩、火山岩地质特点的气体钻井配套工艺技术，为气体钻井的进一步推广应用积累了宝贵经验。

Pneumatic hammer drilling technology with low wob,low rate of revolution and high capacity to break rock is one of the best effective methods to solve the problems of hard rock drilling.It includes air drilling and rotary drilling technology,so its penetration rate is usually two or three times higher than rotary drilling.

空气锤钻井是一种低钻压、低转速、高冲击破岩回转钻进技术，它兼容了气体钻井和冲击回转钻井的优势，其机械钻速一般比回转钻井高，是当今解决硬岩钻井难题的一种有效方法。

7 Mm casing drilling technology in batch drilling on the Chenghai-1 platform in Dagang Oilfield was introduced in detail,including tools used in casing drilling,structures and principles of casing driver and the casing shoe,major equipment requirements of casing drilling,drilling process,and cementing techniques without drilling rig.

mm套管钻井技术在大港油田埕海一号平台批钻井中的应用情况，包括套管钻井使用的工具———套管钻井驱动器和套管钻鞋的结构和工作原理；套管钻井的主要设备要求、工艺流程以及无钻机固井工艺。

7 Mm casing drilling technology in batch drilling on the Chenghai-1 platform in Dagang Oilfield was introduced in detail,including tools used in casing drilling,structures and principles of casing driver and the casing shoe,major equipment requirements of casing drilling,drilling process,and cementing techniques without drilling rig.

简要介绍了套管钻井技术的工艺特点及国内外研究现状，详细介绍了φ339.7 mm套管钻井技术在大港油田埕海一号平台批钻井中的应用情况，包括套管钻井使用的工具———套管钻井驱动器和套管钻鞋的结构和工作原理；套管钻井的主要设备要求、工艺流程以及无钻机固井工艺。

Prepared by Tom Sheeran A Drilling Rig ! Here are a few different types of drilling rigs available: Land Rig For drilling on land. Drill Ship Drill ships and semi-submersible rigs are for drilling in water depths from 100 to 5000+ ft. Semi-Submersible Rig Jackup Rig For drilling in water depths from 15 ft to +/- 350 ft. Inland Barge For drilling in water depths from 8 to 30 ft.

以下是一些不同种类的钻井设备：陆上钻井架用于陆上钻井钻井船钻井船和半潜式钻井平台用于水深100 ft到5000+ft情况的钻井半潜式钻井平台自升式钻井平台用于水深15ft 到+/-350ft 情况的钻井内陆驳船钻井架用于水深8ft 到30ft情况的钻井

Based on the study of the geological characteristics of drilling engineering at the Tongnanba belt, it is proposed to adopt optimal gas drilling, foam drilling, vertical drilling, compound drilling, rotary drilling and other drilling-oriented approaches to promote the fast and vertical drilling, to optimize the casing program and determine the appropriate casing sealing points to get proper hole sizes, to optimize drilling fluid performance to improve its anti-sloughing and lubrication capability, to stress bit selection to improve rock-breaking effects, and to take concrete lost circulation control measures to reduce non-productive time.

通过对通南巴构造带工程地质特征的研究，提出如下对策：①优选气体钻井、泡沫钻井、垂直钻井、复合钻井、旋转导向钻井等钻井方式，促进防斜打直、打快；②优化井身结构设计，合理确定必封点，科学确定井眼尺寸；③优化钻井液性能，提高防塌、润滑效果；④强化钻头选型，提高破岩效果；⑤细化防漏堵漏措施，减少非生产时间等。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。