钩端螺旋体

Early diagnosis of leptospirosis is important because severe lepto spiral infection can have a fulminant course.

钩端螺旋体病的早期诊断是非常重要的，因为严重的钩端螺旋体感染可以引起爆发过程。

Objectives: Leptospirosis, caused by the pathogenic leptospires, is one of the most widespread zoonotic diseases as known.

目的：钩端螺旋体病是一种由致病性钩端螺旋体引起的世界范围内广泛流行的人兽共患性传染病。

The disease, Leptospirosis is caused by leptospira bacteria.

该疾病，钩端螺旋体病是由钩端螺旋体引起的细菌。

The profiles of pathogenic strains had less difference from each other but more difference from nonpathogenic strains.

致病性钩端螺旋体间MRSP谱型差别相对较小，遗传距离较近，而它们与非致病性钩端螺旋体的MRSP谱型相差大，遗传距离远。

Primers were designed to amplify a 264 bp region within the lipL32 gene that is conserved among pathogenic Leptospira and absent in nonpathogenic species.

引物设计选择了 lipL32中一段长为264bp的碱基，该区域存在于致病性钩端螺旋体中，而非致病性钩端螺旋体无此区域。

Methods Peritoneal macrophages of guinea pigs were infected in vitro by three different Leptospira strains, the virulent Leptospira interrogans serovar Lai type strain Lai, the avirulent L. interrogans serovar Lai type strain IPAV, and the nonpathogenic L. biflexa serovar Patoc type strain PatocⅠ, respectively, and heat inactivated Staphylococcus epidermidis was added 0.5, 1.5, 3 and 6 h after infection and incubated for 30 min. The effect of Leptospira on the phagocytosis of macrophage was evaluated by the inactivated Staphylococcus epidermidis phagocytosis rate and phagocytosis index. Phagocytosis and ultrastructure of peritoneal macrophages were observed by transmission electron microscopy 3 h after infection, and changes of cytoskeleton of the macrophages were observed by laser scanning confocal microscopy.

用三种不同毒力的钩体（致病性问号钩端螺旋体赖型有毒株Lai株、赖型无毒株IPAV株以及非致病性双曲钩端螺旋体Patoc型PatocⅠ株）分别感染体外培养的豚鼠腹腔巨噬细胞，并分别于感染后0.5、1.5、3和6 h加入热灭活表皮葡萄球菌孵育30 min，通过计算巨噬细胞对灭活表皮葡萄球菌的吞噬率和吞噬指数，检测钩体对巨噬细胞吞噬功能的影响；感染后3 h透射电镜观察巨噬细胞对钩体的吞噬、降解和细胞超微结构的变化；用激光共聚焦显微镜观察细胞对钩体的吞噬和巨噬细胞细胞骨架的变化。

Initial symptoms are nonspecific; fever is usually present and other symptoms may include chills, headache, myalgia, conjunctival suffusion, nausea, or diarrhea. The CDC notes that leptospirosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of any worker who presents with febrile illness within 1 month of participating in a flood clean-up.

感染钩端螺旋体的起始症状是非专一性的，几乎所有病患都会发烧，其他症状包括畏寒、头痛、肌肉痛、结膜泛红、恶心或是腹泻；CDC表示，钩端螺旋体应该列入任何曾经於洪水地区参与清理的人们发烧的鉴别诊断之一。

Canine Leptospirosis is caused by pathogenic Leptospira as a zoonosis.

犬钩端螺旋体病是由致病性的钩端螺旋体引起的一种人畜共患病。

The most common ones in the UK are Leptospira hardjo, which is found in cattle and Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae, which is associated with rats.

最常见的，在英国是钩端螺旋体哈佐，这是发现在牛和钩端螺旋体icterohaemorrhagiae ，这是相关的影响。

objective to study the efficacy of the tr/patoc 1 slide agglutination assay for vaccination new pentavalent whole cell vaccine for leptospirosis.methods using tr/patoc 1 slide agglutination assay to detect the searial of serum specimens of 100 healthy people after vaccination for leptospirosis and comparing with the microsopic agglutination test.results both basic immunizaton and 20 days after the enhanced immunization,their positive seroconversion rates were higher than 90% in tr/patoc 1 slide agglutination assay,they were not signficantly different between slide agglutination assay and mat,the antibody titer was greatly lower in 90 days after basic immunization.conclusion the tr/patoc 1 slide agglutionation assay was one of useful assays in evaluation the lately immune efficency of leptospira vaccination.

目的 采用tr/patoc 1玻片凝集试验评价钩端螺旋体疫苗免疫效果及应有价值。方法采用tr/patoc 1玻片凝集试验检测100名健康人钩端螺旋体疫苗免疫后的血清抗体变化，并与显微镜凝集试验比较。结果无论是基础免疫还是加强免疫20？d后，玻凝试验抗体阳性率高达90%以上，与标准的显微镜凝集试验比较差异无统计学意义，玻片凝集试验检测的抗体持续时间较短，90？d后阳性率已大幅度降低，表明sat检测的抗体是早期抗体。结论 tr/patoc 1玻片凝集试验操作简易，可以作为基层卫生机构监测钩端螺旋体疫苗近期免疫效果的方法之一。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。