钢筋混凝土的

The bridge structure suffered the moisture, frog and load attack successively in natural state, this results in concrete carbonization, reinforcing steel bar erosion, the surfer desquamate, the cross section dimension decrease, so the mechanics performance worsen, the bridge bearing capacity decreases.

在自然条件下，桥梁结构由于受到大气、水雾及外载的不断作用，引起混凝土碳化、钢筋脱钝锈蚀、构件表面剥落、截面尺寸减小，从而使混凝土结构或构件的力学性能恶化，使用性能降低，桥梁承载能力减小，严重的甚至引起人民生命财产的重大损失。

To meet the needs of the one-time entire construction of the superelevation,overlength,anti-leakage,curved fair-faced concrete wall,in this paper the construction process of the steel bar,template and concrete subentry project are introduced.

针对超高、超长、弧形、抗渗、清水混凝土墙体一次性整体施工的要求，介绍了其钢筋、模板、混凝土分项工程施工所采取的施工工艺，分析了该施工工艺的特点及具有的优越性。

But modern research and experience has indicated that concrete frames can be designed to be ductile , when sufficient stirrups and joinery reinforcement are designed in to the frame .

不过最新的研究i和实验表明，当混凝土中放入充分的钢箍和节点钢筋时，混凝土框架框架也能表现出很好的延性。

The results show that the anticorrosion effects of methenamine and 8-hydroxyl quinoline were obvious when the pH value of solution was 12.95,whereas thiourea did not work at all.

钢筋的锈蚀是混凝土结构破坏的主要原因之一，目前已有不少控制其腐蚀的方法，如向混凝土中添加缓蚀剂便是有效方法之一[1~5]。

But it is not good with high prestress level. This paper consider permissible tensional prestress value from three aspects to avoid tensile crack on concrete、interface bonding between concrete and CFRP and disadvantage failure mode of CFRP broke before steel yield.

但是，CFRP片材的张拉预应力值并不是越大越好，本文从三个方面出发考虑了预应力CFRP增强RC梁的容许张拉预应力值，避免了张拉预应力值过高产生的混凝土拉裂缝产生、混凝土与CFRP之间界面剥离和CFRP先于钢筋破坏这种不利破坏模式的发生。

The R/C frame structures were modeled with bar system and the column was modeled with multi-springs. The concrete and steel bars in column were considered as springs in order to reflect the coupling influence between the axial force and the moment-rotation relationship, the hysteresis of springs is based on the material properties and the rotation of column section is followed the plane assumption. The moment-rotation of beam section was modeled with trilinear hysteresis model.

混凝土框架分析模型采用杆系模型，其中柱采用多弹簧模型，柱端的混凝土和钢筋作为弹簧考虑以便反映柱轴力与弯矩－曲率的耦合关系，弹簧的滞回关系根据材料特性确定，柱截面的转动符合平截面假定，梁截面弯矩－转角关系采用三折线滞回关系模型。

By traditional method of design, the elastic theory is adopted to calculate stress distribution, and the amount of reinforcing bars for the orifice is determined according to the diagram of tensile stress.

这种方法不能反映混凝土和钢筋两种材料的非线性性质以及混凝土开裂后引起的应力重分布，并且不能有效地控制孔口的开裂，按照此方法计算的配筋量往往偏大。

And the effect of steel bar type, concrete cover and cross section on the carrying capacity was analyzed.

摘要］ 进行了7根三面受火受弯试件自然冷却后承载能力的试验研究，了解了钢筋类型、混凝土保护层厚度和试件截面尺寸对自然冷却后受弯承载力的影响程度，为火灾后混凝土结构的鉴定和评估提供依据。

After concrete structure is fired, the fire temperature can be judged by the analysis of the melting point of damage material, the surface color of concrete, the damage degree and the metallograph of reinforced bar.

混凝土结构遭受火灾后，通过对被燃烧物质的熔点，混凝土表面颜色、损伤程度以及钢筋的金相分析，可判定火灾的温度。

A new anchorage system for girder to obtain pretension stress at section top-edge in middle of span is shown. Based on the research of bi-prestressing beams inside test-room and the test of the prestress bar character, method for calculating the full size gird and choosing section are proposed. A new-style corrugated pipe which is shown in the paper is used, to solve the transformation of compressed thread bar and the contradiction between loss of friction resistance and pumping in pipe.

本文通过大量的试验及研究分析，提出了双预应力梁跨中上缘获得预拉应力的新的传力锚固体系；通过对室内双预应力混凝土小梁的研究，检测了预压钢筋的受力性能和预压过程中的某些影响参数；提出了足尺梁计算方法和截面、跨径选择方法；研制了新型哑铃型波纹管，很好地解决了预压钢筋变形、摩阻损失和管道压浆之间的矛盾；通过对30？

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。