钢筋混凝土的

The elastic stress diagram design method is behind the times and cant meet the command in practice.In the paper the author collected and analyzed a large amount of data about the SLRCP on several typical domestic model experiments and the projects in practice. By summarizing and analyzing the data, the author set up a typical computing model and analyzed the model by the software ANSYS, by reading the output data of the stress and the crack from the program, combined with the experimental results, the author summarized the destroy procession of the stock. The paper also discussed the influence of other main factors to the crack and the stress besides the internal water pressure, such as the concrete material, the dimension of stock and the way of laid-out steel bars.

本文通过对大量实际工程中的坝后背管资料的收集、归纳和分析，选取了具有代表性的计算模型；用有限元软件ANSYS计算了典型坝后背管结构在实际内水压力作用下的应力分布和裂缝发展情况；以国内几个有代表性的模型试验和有限元计算的成果为依据，分析了在内水压力作用下钢衬钢筋混凝土压力管道管壁裂缝的特点，并尝试总结出此种管道的裂缝出现的原因及其发展规律，同时确定了坝后背管结构极限状态的新的定义方式——以坝后背管的裂缝宽度来定义。

In order to use structures ability of elastic-plastic deformation to consume the earthquake energy, decrease the reaction in the earthquake, ferroconcrete frame structure should be designed into ductile one.

本文主要阐述了钢筋混凝土框架结构的耗能机理和抗震延性设计的方法，在设计实例中对框架构件的设计采用了新西兰规范和我国规范两种做法，并进行了比较，证明了采用修正的弹性分析方法的延性设计使结构具有更加足够的强度和良好的延性，具有较好的抗震性能。

Although a great deal work have been done to theoretical research of beams with two cantilevers structure, we paid attention to test systems used in beams with two cantilevers mechanics test less. And school, incorporated teaching and researching, needed this small or medium octavo test system to develop teaching and researching. So joining in this development item of test system established by school, the thesis aimed to develop a set of simple, economical and applicable test system of reinforced concrete beams with two cantilevers to serve for teaching and researching, and make it a powerful supplement in structural experiment field.

我们尽管已经对双悬臂结构的理论研究做了大量的工作，但是对双悬臂结构进行力学试验的试验体系相对较少，而作为教学与研究为一体的学校迫切需要这样的中小型试验测试体系开展教学与科研，故本课题结合学校已经立项的试验系统开发项目力图研制开发一套简单、经济、适用的钢筋混凝土双悬臂梁试验系统为教学与科研服务，同时作为对双悬臂梁结构试验领域的补充。

Based on the load transmission mechanism of space truss, and referenced theanalysis of test materials, a formula for calculating the bearing capacity of reinforcedconcrete compression strut is introduced. By using the theory of plastic hinge-line, anupper limit solution of bent bearing capacity for four-pile cap, which coincidesprecisely with the practical measurements, is obtained. By utilizing the reaction ofthe soil under cap and by basing on the method of plastic ultimate analysis, an upperlimit solution of punching shear bearing capacity for pile cap is acquired, which. coincides precisely with the practical measurements, and the formula is similar to thecode.A brief discuss on cooperative work of strip beam of foundation and single rankof piles is made. Separately considering the pile-cap and the pile-group, thencoupling their matrix of rigidity, the inner force of pile-cap is solved by the numericalmethod under some reasonable supposition. In comparison with other method, thecalculating results are exact, reliable and convenient in using. The method provides apowerful tQol fOr further analysis and research on this kind of structure.

本文以空间桁架传力机理为基础，结合试验资料分析，推导了钢筋混凝土等边三桩承台受冲切承载力计算公式；根据塑性铰线理论，导得了与试验结果吻合良好的四桩承台受弯承载力的上限解；利用承台底土反力分布，根据塑性极限分析方法，导得了桩基承台受冲切承载力的上限解，在此基础上，通过简化假定，得到与规范公式相类似的承台受冲切承载力实用公式，该公式能方便考虑台底土反力作用，与试验结果的吻合程度比规范公式好；简要讨论了桩基条形承台梁与单排桩的协同工作分析；在一些合理假定的基础上，将承台与群桩分开考虑，分别得到其刚度矩阵后进行耦合，通过数值方法求解承台内力，算例表明，该方法结果准确，使用方便，为该类结构的进一步分析研究及工程设计提供了强有力的工具。

Many structural deficiencies and mistakes were highlighted, which including excessive horizontal displacement in the ground, more severe damaged transition layer (the first masonry structure layer), ground with farraginous structure, and poor construction quality. Finally, lateral stiffness ratio of the second to ground story in masonry buildings with RC frame structure at the bottom will be optimized following difference of materials between the ground floor and the upper floors. The strength and the ductility of transition layer, as well as shear walls in the ground floor, are crucial to keep the building standing during large earthquake.

在介绍和总结了汶川地震中底框砖房的表现―底层过大的水平侧移、过渡层严重破坏或完全坍塌、底层严重破坏或房屋完全倒塌、上部砌体整体发生侧移、以及设计一和施工质量良好的底层抗震墙砖房&大震不倒&的基础上，得出以下结论和建议：在抗震设防地区应禁止使用部分底框砖房，地震中过渡层的实际受力情况与设计所采用的受力状态有明显的区别，规范应考虑砌体和钢筋混凝土材料的不同力学性质来制定上下层刚度比要求，明确对过渡层的延性和强度要求，明确该类结构抗震概念设计的具体措施。

The unity of the Bible was unity in diversity, such as "unity of Divine revelation given in the context of history and through the medium of human personality", unity of purpose, covenant relation, and divine revelation, or simply a "higher unity" or a "kerygmatic unity".

统一的圣经是多样化中的统一，如&统一的神圣启示中给出的历史背景，并通过媒介人的个性&，统一的目的，契约关系，和神圣的启示或只是一个&更高的团结&（钢筋混凝土Dentan ）或& kerygmatic团结&。

Following aspects are specially discussed:(1) In-situ study on the mechanism and the rate determining step of corrosion processes at the interface between metal and corrosion media;(2) Reliability of structures in corrosive environment;(3) In-situ non-destruction corrosion inspection, evaluation, repair and maintenance of engineering structures;(4) A new approach for material selection-life cycle costs, LCC;(5) Terotechnology;(6) Corrosion protection and environmental protection;(7) microbiologically influenced corrosion;(8) Computer aided design of corrosion protection;(9) Corrosion and protection of reinforced concrete structures;(10) Corrosion and protection of marine structures;(11) New development of coating and corrosion inhibitor etc.

论述了腐蚀科学与防护技术几个值得注意的发展动向，它们包括：(1)金属／腐蚀介质界面反应及其快速步骤的原位研究；(2)在腐蚀环境中结构的可靠性；(3)腐蚀的在线无损检测／评价和设备的维修保养；(4)材料优选的新方法－LCC；(5)防护系统工程学；(6)腐性防护与环境保护；(7)微生物腐蚀；(8)腐蚀防护的计算机辅助设计；(9)钢筋混凝土结构的腐蚀防护；(10)海洋工程结构的腐蚀防护；(11)防护涂层和缓蚀剂的新发展等。

Therefore, the homologous maximum lateral force and maximum displacement individually represented ultimate lateral force and ultimate displacement. Moreover, when the specimen bore ultimate lateral force, a certain percentage of the dissipating energy was defined as the energy that reinforced concrete columns could dissipate when yielding. As a result, the displacement of the cycle homologizing the dissipating energy when yielding became yield displacement.

至於降伏位移的决定则由以下的方式来决定，利用试体达极限强度时，其所能消散的能量的某一百分比，而此一百分比能消散的能量即定义为钢筋混凝土柱降伏时所能消散的能量，因而降伏时所能消散的能量所对应之循环的最大位移即为降伏位移。

In the workshops' wing reinforced concrete floor slabs and supporting mushroom posts were employed with the supports set well back to allow a large uninterrupted glass screen on the facade extending for three storeys.

在创作室的一翼用了钢筋混凝土楼板和用于承重的蘑菇柱，承重的蘑菇柱恰当的退后，使建筑的正面可以形成一大片连续的玻璃幕墙，延伸了三层楼。

MA Bowman, Western Mysticism; A Guide to the Basic Sources; L Bouyer, F Vandenbroucke, and J Leclercq, A History of Christian Spirituality; Dictionnaire de spiritualite ascetique et mystique, II; A Louth, The Origins of Christian Mystical Theology; TS Kepler, An Anthology of Devotional Literature; W James, The Varieties of Religious Experience; F von Hugel, The Mystical Element of Religion; E Underhill, Mysticism; RM Jones, Studies in Mystical Religion; R Otto, The Idea of the Holy; RC Zaehner, Mysticism, Sacred and Profane; G Harkness, Mysticism: Its Meaning and Message; HD Egan, What are They Saying about Mysticism?

马鲍曼，西方神秘主义；指南的基本来源；升bouyer ，女范登布鲁克，和J勒克莱尔，历史的基督教灵性；词典spiritualite ascetique等的神秘感，二；劳斯，起源基督教神秘的神学； 6月24日ts开普勒，一集devotional文学；詹姆斯瓦特，品种的宗教经验，女冯胡格尔，神秘的宗教元素，电子商务underhill ，神秘主义；室琼斯，研究在神秘的宗教； r奥托，构思圣地；钢筋混凝土zaehner ，神秘，神圣和亵渎；克哈克尼斯，神秘主义：其意义和信息；房署伊根，什么是他们说，关于神秘主义？

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐