钢筋混凝土的

To give the definition of the mass concrete and to concrete\'s cracks together with practical meanings of control ,and give a brief review on the research in the field at home and abroad, at last, methods to control temperature crack of the mass concrete from several aspects such as design measures,concrets material, construction schedules.etc are summed up; To explain the physical mechanics of the concrete and computing methods-Difference Method and Finite Element Method, and illustrate the application of their specific methods repectively;Several temperature factors that can influence the temperature stress of mass concrete baseplate are analyzed. The influence degree of temperature factor can be got through the ANSYS simulation computation the control of temperature can control the temperature stress, consequently control the temperature crack of mass concert baseplate; through the influence of the crack resistance ability of mass concrete baseplate which takes the reinforcement as a part is analyzed. By ANSYS simulation, the best suited volume ratio of reinforcement is found out, at same time the layout of reinforcement with the same volume ratio can also affect the resistance ability of mass concrete baseplate. Sum up of above analysis, anti-crack function of steel bar in early mass concrete baseplate is obvious, so it\'s necessary to consider beneficial effect of construction steel bar in research of temperature control on mass concrete baseplate.

本文先容了大体积混凝土及混凝土裂缝的基本概念，对国内外在这个领域里的研究现状作了扼要叙述，并从结构设计、混凝土材质、施工措施等方面总结了大体积混凝土温度裂缝控制的方法及防止措施；阐述了混凝土的基本物理力学性能，总结了大体积混凝土温度计算的方法——差分法和有限元法，并分别举例说明其具体应用的方法；分析了影响大体积混凝土底板温度应力的几种温度因素，利用ANSYS模拟计算，得出了每种因素的影响程度，通过分析提出了在这几种温度影响因素下如何通过控制温度以达到控制温度应力从而来控制裂缝的具体建议；针对大体积混凝土基础底板中配筋的不同对混凝土底板抗裂能力的影响不同，利用ANSYS进行模拟分析，得出底板中最合适的体积配筋率，同时分析了在相同体积配筋率下钢筋的具体布置对大体积混凝土基础底板抗裂能力的影响，分析表明，配置钢筋对混凝土结构的开裂阻止作用明显，在研究大体积混凝土温度裂缝题目时，要考虑钢筋在其中的有利作用。

Base on the problem of large quantity fatigue loads on corroded R.C. structure and small quantity study of its mechanical property, bending resistance fatigue test of corroded R.C. beams is discussed in this paper. The influence of stress ratio and re-bar weight loss ratio on bending resistance fatigue performance of corroded R.C. beams are researched, and the relation between strains of corroded re-bars and fatigue life of beams are obtained. The main research contents and conclusions are as following: 1. Under the fatigue loads, the overstrain of concrete approximately coincidences three stages strain development and accumulation rule, and the mechanical property of concrete is deteriorated. The fatigue damage of concrete is accumulated. The overstrain of re-bars increases and the increase rate decreases.

鉴于实际工程中大量存在腐蚀钢筋混凝土结构承受反复荷载作用，但其力学性能研究不多的问题，本论文进行了锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁抗弯疲劳试验，研究了应力比和钢筋锈蚀率对锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁抗弯疲劳性能的影响，得出了锈蚀钢筋的应变与构件疲劳寿命之间的关系曲线，主要研究内容及结论如下：(1)在循环荷载下，混凝土残余变形基本符合三阶段变形规律，力学性能劣化，疲劳损伤积累。

Combining with the National Natural Science Foundation ofChina(No.50478032), following researches were done in this thesis: 1 The variation regularity of the ultimate anti-bending capacity of therectangular-sectioned beam with different corrosion has been obtained through thequalitative analysis of 48 beams (32 corroded beams and 12 comparing beams) withaccelerated corrosion; 2 The conclusion has been obtained that the strain of corroded steel bar andconcrete no longer fit in with the assumption of plane section through the analysis ofthe strain data, the strain relation of steel bar and concrete in the mid-span section ofvariously corroded beams at ultimate has been obtained. Through the building of newgeometric relation, the expression of the height of compressive area in the corrodedbeam with rectangular section has been deduced, and the formula with corrosion rateas the main variable for the anti-bending capacity of the corroded concrete beam hasbeen suggested and verified by experiment.; 3 The influence of steel bar corrosion and the concrete regression to the flexureductility coefficient of the corroded structure component has been analyzed. Based onthe relation of steel bar and concrete at yield and ultimate, the expression for theflexure at yield and ultimate of corroded reinforced concrete beam, and the model forthe calculation of the flexure ductility has been built.

本文结合国家自然科学基金项目(50478032)"既有钢筋混凝土桥梁时变可靠度研究"，主要进行了以下研究工作： 1通过对48根快速锈蚀钢筋混凝土矩形截面梁(32根锈蚀梁和12根对比试验梁)数据的定性分析，得到了不同锈蚀率下，锈蚀钢筋混凝土矩形截面梁极限抗弯承载力的变化规律； 2通过对应变数据的分析，论证了锈蚀构件钢筋和混凝土的应变不再符合平截面假定的结论，并通过回归分析得出了不同锈蚀率的螺纹钢筋梁和光圆钢筋梁在极限弯矩作用下，跨中截面处钢筋应变和钢筋处混凝土应变的关系，通过构造新的几何关系，得出了锈蚀钢筋混凝土矩形截面梁计算受压区高度的表达式，既而得出了以锈蚀率为主要变量的锈蚀钢筋混凝土矩形截面梁的正截面抗弯计算建议公式，并通过试验数据加以验证； 3分析了钢筋锈蚀和混凝土劣化对锈蚀构件曲率延性系数的影响，结合钢筋屈服和极限弯矩两种状态下钢筋和混凝土的应变关系，分别得到了锈蚀钢筋混凝土矩形截面梁屈服曲率和极限曲率的计算表达式；既而推导出曲率延性系数的计算模型。

Its amount has relation with acting load. The influence on sectional curvature of bending components is the greatest one, the ultimate curvature of corroding section decrease obviously, and the sectional curvature increases rather sharply with the increase of rust rate during the process of corrosion. The anti-cracking capacity of prestressed bending R. C. components may be damage. For the convenience of engineering usage and damage evaluation of structure, this paper presents a concept of sectional damage coefficient on the foundation of experimental and treatment study.

试验与理论研究均表明，受压区钢筋锈蚀后对普通钢筋混凝土和预应力钢筋混凝土受弯构件的承载力影响均不大，但对构件的正常使用性能有较显著的影响，受压区钢筋锈蚀过程中，截面刚度有较显著的下降，挠度及受压区混凝土压应变随锈蚀量增加而增加，增加值与使用荷载大小有关；受弯构件的截面曲率所受影响最大，锈蚀后截面的极限曲率有明显的下降，在使用荷载作用下，截面曲率则随钢筋锈蚀量的增加而有较显著的增加；而预应力混凝土受弯构件的抗裂度会下降。

The invention orginates from the fact that most of the concrete reinforcement loops needed in practice can be divided up into relatively small number of types of loops which are characterized by a predetermined sequence of points of bend with a fixed sense of direction and amount of the angle of bend, in which case the loops of the same type differ from one another only in the lengths of the individual sides of the loops between the points of bend, or from one end of the loop to the first point of bend, and from the other end of the loop to the last point of bend.

问题补充：不要软件翻译的，最好自己翻译，起码通顺的这项发明orginates的是钢筋混凝土的循环需要在实践中最可分为相对的，是由弯曲点的序列特征与预定的方向和角度的数额固定感循环类型的为数甚少的事实弯曲，在这种情况下，同类型的循环，从彼此的不同只是在弯道之间，或从一个循环结束第一点弯曲点的循环个人边长，从另一端循环的最后一点弯曲。

Decades, the system does not always produce pipes, tiles, cement products and other traditional rod, but the development should be high (high-strength, high pressure) and large, new (new building materials and products) as a key to develop new products In detail: to develop high-strength prestressed concrete pile; apply to set up more than 110 kilovolt high voltage transmission lines and electrified railway lines, etc. Catenary large t m poles; application of new high-speed heavy rail with pre-stressed concrete sleeper; high-pressure , large-diameter prestressed concrete cylinder pipe; steel concrete and prestressed steel-concrete composite pipe; new type of reinforced concrete pipes, such as the mouth and socket bearing steel reinforced concrete pipes, square pipes, short-shaped pipes, common drains ; reinforced concrete inspection and; urban and rural construction using a variety of hollow interior wall panels and composite wall panels, concrete hollow block.

不能几十年一贯制生产管、瓦、杆等传统水泥制品，更应把发展高、大、新作为重点开发新产品，具体讲：大力发展预应力高强混凝土桩；适用于架设110 千伏以上高压输电线路和电气化铁路接触网线路等的大吨米电杆；适用高速重载铁路用的新型预应力混凝土轨枕；高压、大口径预应力钢筒混凝土管；钢板混凝土和预应力钢板混凝土复合管件；新型钢筋混凝土排水管，如钢承口和承插式钢筋混凝土排水管、方型渠、短形渠、共同渠；钢筋混凝土检查并；城乡建设用的各种空心内墙板和复合外墙板、混凝土空心砌块。

The durability of concrete structure in general air environment, including concrete carbonization mechanism and influencing factors, steel corrosion mechanism and influences to the structural mechanical performance, cracks of concrete caused by the expansion of corrosion and the relation between width of crack and amount of corrosion, and the life estimation of reinforced concrete structure. At the same time, the paper introduced durability paint for concrete of xichang Cable-stayed bridge.

一般大气环境下普通钢筋混凝土结构的耐久性，包括混凝土碳化机理及影响因素、钢筋锈蚀机理及对结构力学性能影响、混凝土锈胀开裂及裂缝宽度与锈蚀量之间的关系以及钢筋混凝土结构寿命评价等，并利用以上理论对西昌斜拉桥钢筋混凝土塔柱进行了预测分析。

Even so, or not people expected goals, but for most of modern reinforced concrete construction products, mostly flat-topped roofs of living in the roof of the residents lived in the hot summer and cold winter life.

即便这样，还是达不到人们预期的目的，而现代建筑大多为钢筋混凝土的产物，屋顶多为平顶式，住在屋顶的居民就过着冬冷夏热的生活。

The iron array electrode covered with concrete as a new electrochemical technique is applied to map the potential imaging and to investigate on the iron electrode corrosion process under concrete: In Cl- solution the corrosion of the iron array electrode covered with concrete had been prevented for a short term since the concrete protection, but the corrosion still occurreed and developed after immersed for a long time.

由于混凝土的隔离和高绝缘性，常规的电化学技术、微探针扫描技术均难于获得在腐蚀介质的浸泡下混凝土/钢筋界面，特别是不同深处的混凝土/钢筋界面的电位分布。本文提出用阵列电极法并结合电子技术和微机控制技术，获得同一水平面上混凝土/钢筋界面以及不同深处的混凝土/钢筋界面的电位分布立体信息图。

In this paper,one contrast reinforced concrete short column and three reinforced concrete short columns strengthened with concrete and exterior steel plate were tested to investigate their shear behaviors,based on experiment results,it is revealed that complex strengthening with concrete and exterior steel plate can impactful improving shear bearing capacity of reinforced concrete short column.

进行了1根对比钢筋混凝土短柱和3根用混凝土和外包钢板复合加固钢筋混凝土短柱的受剪试验研究，试验结果表明，用混凝土和外包钢板复合加固可有效提高钢筋混凝土短柱的斜截面抗剪承载力。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。