钢筋混凝土的

The concrete cover depth is a basic variable to make durable reinforced concrete structures in atmospheric environments.

混凝土保护层厚度是大气环境中钢筋混凝土结构耐久性设计的重要参数之一。

The carbonation of concrete is one of the main factors which effect the durability of concrete structure.

混凝土碳化是影响钢筋混凝土结构耐久性的重要因素之一。

A water-filled joint element is developed to simulate the limited cooperation between reinforced concrete lining and surrounding rock; and an equivalent method is adopted to develop the program, The reinforcement stress and the rock stresses in hydraulic tunnel with inner water exosmosis are calculated.

计算衬砌渗透系数，引入反映钢筋混凝土衬砌与围岩有条件联合承载特性的充水夹层单元模型，采用等效耦合分析方法，对水工隧洞内水外渗条件下的衬砌钢筋应力和围岩应力状态进行了计算分析。

To best achieve the working performance of the said concrete, with the help of theology theory in the research, we have analyzed the principle of free-vibration densifying and shaping of mixed concrete, that is, with the perquisite of fluidity, the concrete should have good property of filling-up-space, penetration through voids of fixed steel reinforcement, adherence and prevention from losing water and segregation, and the conflict between anti-segregation and deforming capability should be sorted out.

为得到自密实高性能混凝土的最佳工作性能，在研究中借助流变学理论，分析研究了混凝土拌合物免振捣成型和密实的机理，在大流动性的前提下，要求混凝土具有良好的填充性、钢筋间隙通过性和粘聚性，防止泌水、离析，解决变形能力与抗离析性能力的矛盾。

1 Contrast unstrengthened square reinforced concrete column and 10 reinforced concrete columns strengthened by circular steel jacket were tested under axial loading .

为研究圆形钢套管加固混凝土柱的基本力学性能，进行了1根未加固的普通钢筋混凝土柱和10根圆形钢套管加固的混凝土短柱在不同加固钢套管厚度及初始轴压比下轴心受压试验，初始轴力通过对未加固试件施加后张预应力来进行模拟；在试验研究的基础上，根据应变协调原则对加固后构件轴压承载力进行了数值分析。

To study the basic mechanical performance of reinforced concrete column strengthened by circular steel jacket,a set of experimental work was carried out.1 contrast unstrengthened square reinforced concrete column and 10 reinforced concrete columns strengthened by circular steel jacket were tested under axial loading.

为研究圆形钢套管加固混凝土柱的基本力学性能，进行了1根未加固的普通钢筋混凝土柱和10根圆形钢套管加固的混凝土短柱在不同加固钢套管厚度及初始轴压比下轴心受压试验，初始轴力通过对未加固试件施加后张预应力来进行模拟；在试验研究的基础上，根据应变协调原则对加固后构件轴压承载力进行了数值分析。

The major concentsare summarized as follows: 1.Experimental research on the GFRP Tubed short reinforced concrete columns underaxially loaded are carried out to investigate the mechanical properties of working feature, theeffect of GFRP tube confining,ductility of the specimens.The effects of concrete strength,loading condition,ratio of longitudinal reinforcement and ratio of stirrups are researched.

完成了以下工作： 1、通过GFRP套管钢筋混凝土组合短柱的轴心受压试验，研究其工作机理、破坏形态、GFRP管对混凝土的约束效果、延性，试验研究了影响这种组合短柱轴压力学性能的部分因素，包括混凝土强度，GFRP管不同的受力方式，纵筋配筋率，体积配箍率等。

Second, the article explains the characteristics of quality controlling of concrete structure engineering, analyzes the constructing techniques of raw materials of concrete, constructing mixed ratio the material, connection and equipment of reinforcing bar , and the engineering of mould plate in detail. It points out the process and reasons causing trouble and drawbacks , and the practical solving methods. It is very easily operated. The article can be helpful to the quality controlling of concrete structure.

然后介绍了混凝土结构工程质量控制的特点，对混凝土的原材料、施工配合比，钢筋的材料、连接、安装以及模板工程等施工工艺进行了详细的分析，找出了施工中容易出现问题的工序和缺陷产生的原因，提出了切实可行的解决办法，具有很强的可操作性，本论文能为混凝土结构质量控制提供有益的帮助。

Field investigations on reinforced concrete structures in Qinghai salt lake region discovered that corrosions of concrete and steel reinforced concrete were particularly serious and universal.

第二章简要介绍了我国盐湖地区的环境气候条件，针对典型盐湖卤水中含有的对混凝土产生物理化学腐蚀的侵蚀性离子浓度，重新划分了盐湖卤水的类型，现场考察了混凝土与钢筋混凝土结构在青海盐湖地区的腐蚀与破坏现状。

The flexural capacity, deformation and failure modes of beams with different parameters can be analyzed using the program, such as types of plan and prestressed tendons(extrenal prestessed tendons, internal unbonded prestressed tendons, internal bonded prestressed tendons), jacking and effective stress in external prestressed tendons, configuration of the deviators, properties of tendon, ratio of span to effective depth of the beam and load pattern, initial loading state at tendon jacking, etc.(3) Nonlinear behaviors of the concrete beam prestressed with external or internal unbonded tendons were studied by the program developed.

本程序可以对任意截面型式的预应力(体外预应力筋、体内无粘结预应力筋、体内有粘结预应力筋)混凝土梁和普通钢筋混凝土梁进行非线性全过程数值分析计算，程序可以就转向块的布置方式、体外预应力筋纵断面形状、体外筋有效预应力的大小及材性、张拉预应力筋时梁的持荷状态等因素对体外预应力混凝土梁在外荷载作用下的强度、变形特征、破坏模式等的影响进行分析研究。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐