钢

The author analyzed total oxygen content, nitrogen content in steel made by typical process and the inclusion composition, change rule, morphology and distribution qualitatively and quantitatively by image analyzer, big sample electrolysis, SEM and energy spectrum analysis. The results showed that final inclusion form was small granule MnS, calcium aluminate, a small quantity of silicate and lumpy Al2O3. By intensifying deoxidation alloying process control in converter, argon blowing and slagging control and desulphuration and calcium reduction operation in refining course and overall-protection casting, the oxygen content was reduced by 20% above averagely, nitrogen content was reduced by about 10% and the inclusion content was reduced by 30%.

通过全O、N分析，夹杂物图像分析仪、大样电解、扫描电镜及能谱分析，定性和定量分析了典型工艺钢种钢中全O、N含量和工序过程夹杂物的构成、变化规律及形态、分布，分析钢中最终夹杂物表现形式主要为小颗粒的MnS、铝酸钙、少量的硅酸盐和块状Al2O3，通过强化转炉脱氧合金化工艺控制、精炼过程吹氩与造渣控制及脱硫和钙处理操作、全程保护浇注，钢水中O含量平均降低20％以上，N含量降低10％左右，铸坯中夹杂物含量降低了30％。

By the method of dilatometric change,combining with microscopic test and hardness measurement,different expanding curves of continuous cooling transformation were measured at different cooling rate,and CCT diagram was obtained by using DIL805A thermal expansion fast phase transition instrument.

利用膨胀法，结合金相法和硬度法，在DIL805A热膨胀快速相变仪上测定了该钢在不同冷速下连续冷却时的热膨胀曲线，获得了该钢的连续冷却转变曲线；研究了该钢连续冷却过程中奥氏体转变过程与组织变化。

By dilatometric change referencing microscopic test and hardness measurement, the critical point at Ac1, Ac3 and Ms of 27CrMo27S steel was determined in Gleeble-3800 thermal mechanical simulator, By measuring the different expanding curves of CCT in different cooling rate, CCT diagram was obtained.

利用膨胀法结合金相-硬度法，在Gleeble-3800热模拟机上测定了27CrMo27S钢的临界点Ac1、Ac3以及Ms；测定了该钢在不同冷却速度下连续冷却时的膨胀曲线，获得了连续冷却转变曲线；研究了冷却速度对该钢组织及硬度的影响。

By dilatometric change and microscopic test, the critical point at Ac1、Ar1、Ac3 and Ar3 of ML40Cr steel was detemined in Gleeble-3800 the thermal-mechanical simulator. The continuous cooling transformation diagram of ML40Cr steel was obtained by measuring the expanding curves of different cooling rates. The mechanical property and transformation of austenite were analyzed. The proper range of control cooling rate about ML40Cr cold heading steel was found. All those provide the reference for productive practice to develop cold heading steel.

在Gleeble-380热模拟试验机上采用热膨胀法－金相法测定了ML40Cr钢的临界点Ac1、Ar1、Ac3、Ar3，同时测定了在不同冷却速度下过冷奥氏体连续冷却时的膨胀曲线，获得了该钢的连续冷却转变曲线；研究了ML40Cr连续转变冷却过程中奥氏体转变过程和转变产物的组织和性能，初步确定了ML40Cr盘条的控制冷却范围，为冷镦钢ML40Cr盘条的开发提供了参考依据。

The critical cooling rates in undercooled austenite transformation process of T91 ferritic heat-resistant steel were studied by DIL805A/D high-resolution differential dilatometer. According to the dilatometric measurements, phase transformation kinetic information was obtained with the aid of the analysis of the lever rule from the recorded dilatometric curves.

利用DIL805A/D高精度差分膨胀仪，通过线膨胀行为测量与微观组织分析，获得T91铁素体耐热钢连续冷却转变过程中相关动力学信息，结合冷却后T9l钢组织特征，确定了T91钢过冷奥氏体转变过程中的临界冷却速度。

It has been shown that the compound treatment can not only result in a considerable degree of desulfuration and cleanliness of steel, but also bring unique inclusion mordifyingeffect of RE into full play: Harmful effects of inclusions to the performance of steel can be eliminated by Rare Earth additions through formation of dispersively distributed, undeformable and stable Rare Earth sulphide and oxysulfide in place of elongated MnS.

结果表明：复合处理不仅可以脱硫、净化钢液，而且充分发挥了稀土的变质夹杂物的特性：稀土金属可以将钢中原有的条状硫化锰夹杂转变为在钢中均匀分布、不易变形的、稳定的球形稀土硫化物和硫氧化物，从而可以消除夹杂对钢材造成的不利影响。

Basing on compound principle to simulate the drawing deformation strengthening behavior of hypoeutectoid steel , the simulation calculation in which the strain distribution is thought can estimate strengthening trend of materials well, which conforms to test results basically and can provide strength design basis for wire ropes production of hypoeutectoid steel .

用试验的方法得到45钢的拉拔强化曲线，基于混合物法则模拟亚共析钢的拉拔形变强化行为，考虑应变分配问题的模拟计算能较好预测材料的强化趋势，与试验结果基本相符，可为亚共析钢钢丝绳生产提供强度设计依据。

Shandong Jingbang Industries Limited Liability Company, established in May 2003 with a registered capital of 6 million yuan, administered Jingbang Steel Co., Ltd., Shandong Province and Shandong Province Jingbang Building Materials Co., Ltd., is a concentrated, large steel structure works Design, production, installation of steel structures for the integration of professional engineering company; company annual production and sales of steel structures and other insulation works centrifugal glass wool carpets, stable quality and reasonable price, by province and the surrounding Provincial and municipal customers praise.

山东靖邦实业有限责任公司，成立与2003年5月，注册资金600万人民币，下辖山东省靖邦钢结构有限公司和山东省靖邦建材有限公司，是一家集中型、大型钢结构工程的设计、制作、安装为一体的专业钢结构工程公司；公司常年生产、销售钢结构工程及其它保温隔热工程所需的离心玻璃棉毡，质量稳定，价格合理，深受本省及周边省市客户好评。

Cast steels are more abrasive, although their machinability is similar to that of wrought steels.

尽管铸钢的可机加工性和锻钢的大致相同，但铸钢具有更大的磨蚀性。

However, semi-steel is made of 10 ~ 20% cementite and pearlitic matrix, there exists no pellet-shaped graphite, so sticking is easy to happen to it, which is not expected dunng rolling.

然而半钢材质是由10-20％渗碳体及珠光体基体所组成，其内不存在球状石墨，所以半钢材质容易产生粘钢现象，这是轧制过程所不希望的。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。